Thoughts from Polly's Granddaughter
Time 2021-10-30 09:05:20Web Name: Thoughts from Polly's Granddaughter
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keywords: description:A little Cherokee history and genealogy mixed in with a whole lot of truth.
PagesHomeAbout MeDisclaimerFraudulent OrganizationsElizabeth Warren InformationThe Gardner Green Series Wednesday, October 27, 2021 Who were the Texas Cherokees?Originally, a group of Cherokees,led by The Bowl, who had left the United States and settled in the geographicalarea now known as the state of Texas were called the Texas Cherokees. Afterthat group was driven out of the Republic of Texas, the term Texas Cherokeeswas used to describe the survivors (and later descendants of those survivors)of the Texas/Cherokee War. They were the Cherokees that fled the Republic ofTexas after The Bowl was killed in July 1839. Some went to the Cherokee Nation.Others went as far as the Choctaw Nation and stopped. Another group, led byJohn Bowles, son of The Bowl, attempted to get to Mexico. On the way, theyencountered a group of soldiers and John Bowles was killed. Some of the womenand children in the group were captured. The survivors of that attack managedto reach safety in Mexico and remained there until Sequoyah found them andrequested they return to the Cherokee Nation, within the bounds of the UnitedStates.
Atimeline for the Texas Cherokees follows:
1840 or later Some of the wives(he had 3) and children of The Bowl requested safe passage through the Republicof Texas to the Cherokee Nation and were given it, along with an escort andprovisions.1840 TheCherokee man named Dutch contacted General Arbuckle about approximately 180Cherokees who had arrived in deplorable condition from the Republic of Texas.Dutch requested food and provisions for them. (1)28Apr 1840 General Arbuckle sent a letter to President Lamar of theRepublic of Texas on behalf of the Cherokee Nation government requesting prisonersbe sent to the Cherokee Nation. Arbuckle also wrote that some Cherokees fromthe Republic of Texas had recently arrived in the Nation.25Jan 1842 Oosooti, a Cherokee that had previously lived in Texas and a signerof the Houston-Bowls Treaty in 1836, wrote a letter witnessed by JesseBushyhead, explaining he represented seventeen families consisting of about onehundred souls that had to leave everything they owned behind as they wereforced out of Texas. He requested provisions for a year, clothing, cooking andfarm implements, promising to remain with their friends and allies in theCherokee Nation and to never leave the United States again.1842 Sequoyah, his son, Teesee, and others went to Mexico in search of theCherokees who had fled there.1843 Lightening Bug Bowles was living in the Cherokee Nation. He ran for tribalcouncil in the Canadian District but was ineligible, possibly due to length oftime in his district or his age.29 Sept 1843 The Treaty of Birds Fort was signed. A Cherokee named Chicken Trotter lefthis mark on the treaty. There were about 30 Cherokees present and they were indesperate condition. They had recently returned from Mexico and hadbeen robbed of all their possessions, including their clothing. The familyof The Bowl refused to attend the council until the women and children weregiven proper clothing.15May 1844 There was a council meeting of Indians and agents in theRepublic of Texas. Cherokee Chicken Trotter spoke on the third day. He said allthe Cherokees in Texas were there and asked about the daughters of Chu-ti-koo whohad been taken by a different tribe.6 Dec 1844 TahluntuskyCouncil in the Cherokee Nation took place. Lightening Bug Bowles was listed inCanadian District on Old Settler list.21April 1845 A letter was sent from Warrens Trading House, signed by CherokeesStanding Man, Standing Rock, and Watch Justice, witnessed by Jesse Chisholm,informing the Cherokee Nation that Sequoyah was dead. Standing Rock was withSequoyah and buried him in Mexico.19Sept 1845 Cherokee Chief Wagon Bowles spoke at the first day of a TehuacanaCouncil held at Torreys Trading House.20Sept 1845 A Cherokee named Keese spoke at the second day of the TehuacanaCouncil held at Torreys Trading House.13 Oct 1845 The Treaty Party Expedition rode into the Cherokee settlement in Texas. DrThompson, David Bell, and Brice Martin went to Torreys Trading House, about 8miles away. William Holt and Jack Griffin went to see Bowles who lived 5 milesabove the village. (2)22 Oct 1845 The Treaty Party Expedition left the Cherokee village with Teesee Guess astheir guide. (2)13Feb 1846 Teesee Guess visited the camp of Elijah Hicks who had accompaniedCherokee Agent Butler and Col M.G. Lewis into Texas to assist with a treaty forTexas Indians.18Feb 1846 Teesee Guess and Jesse Chisholm visited the camp of ElijahHicks.21Feb 1846 Chicken Trotter delivered a lost white boy to the camp of ElijahHicks.23Feb 1846 Elijah Hicks assisted Chicken Trotter at the trading post.1847 Lightening Bug Bowles was in the Cherokee Nation and serving on the tribalcouncil representing the Canadian District.18 Nov 1847 The Cherokees remaining in Texas moved closer to Warrens Trading Houseafter being attacked.1849 Lightening Bug Bowles was in the Cherokee Nation and serving in the tribalsenate representing the Canadian District.1851 Several Bowles were listed onthe Old Settler roll, including Lightening Bug, Standing Man, Standing in theMiddle, and Oo-tar-ye. Took her Guess, the wife of Teesee Guess, daughter of The Bowl, was alsoon the Old Settler roll. All were in the Canadian District. Teesee Guess was onthe Drennen roll in the Canadian District.18 Mar 1853 The Texas Cherokee started their suit against Texas for their lost land andproperty.NewYork Times; New York, New York; 18 March 1853; p6.1853 Wagon Bowles was in the Cherokee Nation and serving on the tribal councilrepresenting the Canadian District. Lightening Bug Bowles was the other councilperson serving from the Canadian District. Teesee Guess was serving in thetribal senate from the Canadian District.
After an exhaustive search, ChickenTrotter was not found in records after 1846.
After 1847, the Texas Cherokees knownto be in Texas disappear from records there and start appearing in recordsof the Cherokee Nation.
From 1853 on, the Texas Cherokees andassociate tribes was a sub-group of Cherokees living within the CherokeeNation who organized to seek compensation for the land and property they lost whenthey were driven out of the Republic of Texas.
In 1870, representatives anddescendants of the Cherokees who formerly lived in Texas and who were known asthe TexasCherokees and their associate bands hired and gave power of attorney toWilliam Penn Adair and Clement Neely Vann to prosecute their claims againstTexas or the United States. The power of attorney specifically said ALL of thoseknown as the Texas Cherokees and associate bands lived in the Cherokee Nation.They were not in Texas. They were not in Mexico. They were in the CherokeeNation.
There were former citizens of theCherokee Nation living in Texas in 1870, but they were not affiliated with thegroup known as the Texas Cherokees. There may have been former citizens ofthe Choctaw Nation, Creek Nation, and Chickasaw Nation living in Texas in 1870,too. If so, they were not the associate bands of the Texas Cherokees. We knowthis because the power of attorney said all of those known as the TexasCherokees and associated bands were living in the Cherokee Nation.
Today, the Mount Tabor IndianCommunity in Texas represents itself as the descendants and heirs of the TexasCherokees and associate bands, but the evidence clearly shows this claim isnot true. The descendants of the Texas Cherokees and associate bandsrelocated to the Cherokee Nation by 1853 and stayed there.
Those are my thoughts for today.
Thanks for reading,
Pollys Granddaughter
Note: The term Texas Cherokees doesNOT include the group of Treaty Party members that moved to the state of Texas.Coming soon: The Treaty Party in Texas.
(1)Advancing the Frontier, Grant Foreman,p166.
(2)William Minor Quesenbury Diary, University ofArkansas, Fayetteville.
Tweet0commentsLabels:Chicken Trotter,Texas,Texas Cherokees,The Bowl,Wagon Bowles Sunday, October 10, 2021 Similar name, different man: Devereaux Jarratt Bell vs Deveraux J. BellIf taken at face value, records and their facts can deceive, mislead, or confuse us. - Elizabeth Shown Mills
Anyone who has done genealogical research very long is aware of the mischievous facts that can sneak into our work and throw us off track. Recently while doing my reasonably exhaustive search for information on a Cherokee man named Devereaux Jarratt Bell, I encountered some facts that could have misled me if I hadnt evaluated those facts through the lens of their time as well as in comparison with other established facts about Jarratt Bell.
Similar name, but not the same man
Jarratt Bell, an Indian and citizen of the Cherokee Nation, was well documented throughout his life. Between the years 1837 and 1842, he was found on twenty-two documents. He was an interpreter for U. S. Indian agents before removing from Georgia to Indian Territory in the detachment led by his older brother, John A. Bell. Upon his arrival in Indian Territory, he carried mail for the detachment. Later, he was recorded as working as a blacksmith assistant; writing letters and documents as a clerk for the National Committee of the Cherokee Nation; witnessing claims filed by his father and brother; and acting as a claims agent in Flint district.
In a plethora of documents, records, family correspondence, and newspaper articles, Jarratt Bell is never found in the Republic of Texas or the state of Texas. Many in his family settled in the state of Texas shortly before and during the U. S. Civil War. While those relatives are documented as being there, Jarratt is not.
Despite the absence of records of Jarratt Bell in the Republic of Texas and the state of Texas, a different man named Deveraux J. Bell was found on a clerks list of those receiving land grant certificates between December 5, 1839 and January 11, 1840. That same man, Deveraux J. Bell, was also listed on the 1840 Tax Roll of Nacogdoches County. He owned one horse and one watch. He was not found in any other records in the Republic of Texas after a reasonably exhaustive search of those records.
While a novice researcher or someone cherry picking facts might argue the names the same, so they are the same person, they are not the same man. First, the names are similar, not the same. We have no indication for what the J in the name of Deveraux J. Bell represents. Second, even if it was an exact match on the name, it doesnt mean it was the same man. Same name is not always the same person.
During the analysis of the numerous records found on Jarratt Bell, he is never recorded as using the name Devereaux on any document created during his lifetime. As a child, a young man, and to his family, he was Jarratt. In his legal and professional life which started in 1837, he was D. J. Bell. This is a key factor in his identity. His given name appears to have been Devereaux, but he was never known by that name, and he never used it on documents. Devereaux does not appear in records as his name until forty years after his death when his siblings, nieces, and nephews filed Eastern Cherokee applications and claimed through him. The two records in the Republic of Texas for a man named Deveraux J. Bell do not match the well-established identity of Jarratt Bell.
Some might believe the name Devereaux is too unique to belong to two different men, but it wasnt unusual or rare in the early 1800s. A highly respected minister throughout Virginia and North Carolina was named Devereux Jarratt. He died in 1801 and some devout parents may have named their sons after him. An examination of the U. S. censuses of 1830-1850 on Family Search revealed over 100 men named Devereux (various spellings.) Because Bell* is a common surname, it would not be beyond the realm of possibilities to find other men with the same or a similar name to the Cherokee man named Devereaux Jarratt Bell.
Though one might be tempted to stop the evaluation of evidence after establishing the differences in the identities of Jarratt Bell and Deveraux J. Bell, its not enough to review only facts attached to names. We must also analyze facts within the context of the place and time they occurred. When comparing the two men, it is important to remember the bitter climate that existed in the Republic of Texas toward Cherokees in 1839. The Bowl and his followers were nearly annihilated by the Texans in July that year. Those that survived either fled to the Cherokee Nation or they tried to get to Mexico for safety. Cherokees were not trying to get into the Republic of Texas that year. They were trying to get out. It was not safe for them there.
To reiterate that point, in December 1839, soldiers encountered the Cherokee remnant trying to get to Mexico. They killed John Bowles, son of The Bowl, and captured other Bowles family members. The few remaining survivors of that attack managed to escape and cross into Mexico where they remained until 1843 when Sequoyah found them.
In stark contrast, while Cherokees were fleeing from the Republic of Texas in 1839, white settlers were flooding into the area chasing free land. The Republic was awarding land grants to those who qualified. A single man named Deveraux J. Bell arrived December 16, 1839 and was granted a certificate for 320 acres by the Board of Land Commission Office. He received a third-class headright grant. Only free white men were eligible for those land grants.
Clearly there were two men, one Indian and one white, with similar names. Only one was eligible for the land grant in the Republic of Texas. It was not the Cherokee man named Devereaux Jarratt Bell. Inept analysis of the facts on one man or the other could deceive a researcher, leading them to believe all the facts apply to only one man. Unfortunately, in research involving Cherokees, there are also some people who carelessly or intentionally combine facts from more than one person to create the ancestor they want. Whether accidental or deliberate, playing with facts in such a way would be an injustice to the legacy of both men.
We, as genealogists and researchers, are the only voice people from the past have today. They are not characters in a fictional story we want to tell, but instead, real people who lived upon this Earth and left their mark in some way or another. If we are going to tell their story, the least we can do is tell it correctly. Its important to be aware that facts can mislead us if we dont carefully examine and evaluate each piece of data we find, ensuring those facts belong in the narrative of another persons life.
Those are my thoughts for today,
Pollys Granddaughter
*Bell is the 67th most common surname in the United States
In 2019, after my blog series on Gardner Green, I received an email from Beverly Baker Northup, "chief" of the Northern Cherokee Nation of the Old Louisiana Territory. She said she had read my blog and decided she would not claim Gardner Green any longer. Baker removing Gardner Green from the "Northern Cherokee" history removes him from the history of the splinter tribes as well. That battle is finally over. Without Gardner Green, their claim collapses.
Click to enlarge
The Missouri groups have been exposed and they no longer claim our Young Wolf/Gardner Green. Though I know there has been a renewed interest in once again trying to "expose" these groups by some Cherokees, our time might be better spent focusing in another direction. There are over 200 other fake Cherokee tribes throughout the United States and they aren't going anywhere if we remain distracted by the already debunked groups in Missouri.
In my opinion, if we truly care about addressing the issue of ALL fake Cherokee tribes, it's time we turn our attention to another state and work to expose the fake "Cherokee" tribe trickery going on there.
It's time we look toward Texas.
Those are my thoughts for today,
Polly's Granddaughter
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