Consumers Guide to Best Absorption Curcumin and Turmeric

Time 2021-01-09 05:03:07

Web Name: Consumers Guide to Best Absorption Curcumin and Turmeric

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What is Turmeric? From Ancient Medicine to Scientific Clinical Trials Extensive research shows shows the active ingredient in turmeric (curcumin, or curcuminoids) has powerful anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and antioxidant properties. But it's extremely difficult to absorb, so it's important to get more of it into your bloodstream. Here is the information you need to see how this medicinal herb can improve the quality of your life. What's the Difference Between Turmeric and Curcumin? Turmeric is the plant (root) and Curcumin is the active ingredient. Turmeric is a spice, a dye, and a medicinal herb. Turmeric is the dried rhizome (root) of the Curcuma longa plant and is used for its flavor, as a food color, and as an medicinal herb. The dried root is used to make curry, one of the most widely used spices in India. The golden spice has long been used in both Ayurveda and Chinese medicines as an anti-inflammatory agent and used for conditions such as arthritis. It has been highly valued by those who practice Hatha Yoga, for its beneficial effects on ligaments. Throughout Asia, turmeric has been used for stomach problems, allergies, diarrhea, heartburn, wind, bloating, colic, flatulence and liver ailments. (1) While therapeutic properties of turmeric have been known for centuries, modern science has identified the curcuminoids (phenolic compounds found in turmeric) and provides a scientific basis for many clinical uses of standardized curcumin. What is Curcumin? Curcumin is the most important active ingredient in turmeric, and makes up about 2-6% of the root. (2, 6) Curcumin is the active ingredient in turmeric. Curcumin is the yellow-orange pigment and the most important ingredient in turmeric. Curcumin has many clinical applications, particularly as a powerful, but safe, anti-inflammatory agent. (2, 6) Which is Best: Turmeric Extract or Curcumin (Curcuminoids)? Standardized curcumin. Hundreds of scientific and technical papers and clinical trials show results were obtained using 95% standardized curcumin (curcuminoids). Since turmeric contains only 2%, look for standardized 95% curcumin (curcuminoids). Higher Potency = More Curcumin Potency (%) is how MUCH curcumin you're getting. The higher number means more curcumin (the active ingredient in turmeric). There's a huge difference between turmeric extract (2%) and standardized 95% curcumin. Buyer Beware of Misleading Comparisons in Advertising Claims— Compared to What? Several well-known brands of curcumin inflate their product claims by misleadingly comparing their curcumin products against “native” curcumin (which is only 2%) whereas a fair test compares against 95%. Curcumin is Poorly Absorbed into the Bloodstream In fact, most consumers may not realize that even pure curcumin (including all known curcuminoids) is very poorly absorbed into the blood after oral ingestion so many studies achieved effective blood levels of curcumin by intravenous injections (directly into the veins). Until recently, very high doses of curcumin were required to obtain desired blood levels. (4) Some formulators add piperine (Piper nigrum) to enhance absorption of curcumin in their products. (4) But the additive is a problem for many consumers because piperine should be taken cautiously (if at all) by anyone taking medications. (5) Now, a new, patented manufacturing process dramatically increases blood plasma curcumin to levels not previously seen through oral supplementation. (This impressive rise in bioavailability is achieved without piperine.) The patented curcumin is comprised of a specific ratio of curcuminoids and a high content of turmeric essential oil compounds. (24) How Much Curcumin Can You Absorb? Unfortunately, even pure curcumin (including all known curcuminoids) is very poorly absorbed into the bloodstream after oral ingestion due to rapid metabolism in the liver and intestinal wall, and rapid systemic elimination. (4, 16) Human trials show most curcumin is wasted in the toilet but BIOMOR® Curcumin is shown to be up to 800% better ABSORBED into the blood and organs than other 95% standardized curcumin products (that's 53,400% greater ABSORPTION than turmeric extract) (23) Bioavailability is Measured in the Blood Until recently, extremely high doses of curcumin were required to obtain desired blood levels. Scientists have long sought a more bioavailable form of curcumin to maximize curcumin's efficacy. In fact, most consumers may not realize many research studies achieved effective blood levels of curcumin by intravenous injections--directly into the veins. While it may be available in other parts of the world, injectable forms of curcumin are not sold in the United States. Bioavailability is measured in the Blood Contrary to a popular theory, consuming curcumin with various oils or a meal does not improve absorption of curcumin into the bloodstream, as demonstrated in human trials where curcumin levels are measured by taking blood samples. The good news is a patented curcumin product dramatically increases blood plasma curcumin to levels not previously seen through oral supplementation. (This impressive rise in bioavailability is achieved without piperine.) The patented curcumin relies upon a specific ratio of curcuminoids reconstituted with a high content of sesquiterpenoids (turmeric essential oil compounds). This new, patented manufacturing technology increases absorption of curcumin up to a remarkable 800% greater than other standardized curcumin preparations. (This superior bioavailability is achieved without piperine or lecithin additives.) (8,24) Clinical Trials The following chart data is taken from published studies cited in U.S. Patent Nos. 7,736,679, 7,883,728, 7,879,373, Composition to Enhance the Bioavailability of Curcumin (2011). (Above:) A well-conducted single-dose human clinical study shows BIOMOR Curcumin is up to 800 more bioavailable (in both absorption and sustainability over 8 hours) than conventional 95%-standardized curcumin extracts. (8,23) (Above:) A cross-over human clinical study shows BIOMOR Curcumin provides 637% greater bioavailability (in both absorption and sustainability over 8 hours) than 95%-standardized curcumin blended with piperine and lecithin. (9,23) Many commercial curcumin products include additives to increase bioavailability of curcumin. The most common additives, piperine and lecithin, are shown to spike blood levels of curcumin. (4, 9) NOTE: Experts advise against consuming more than 15 mg of piperine per day. See warnings about the piperine, below. BIOMOR Curcumin is manufactured using a patented blend of curcuminoids and essential oil compounds of turmeric (with no piperine or lecithin). ABOVE: Human clinical trials show taking 500 milligrams of BIOMOR Curcumin is equivalent to 3,185 milligrams of 95%-standardized curcumin with piperine, is equivalent to up to 4,000 milligrams other 95%-standardized curcumin, or 210,500 milligrams (421 x 500 milligram capsules) of turmeric with native curcumin. (9) Unlike other 95% curcumin/curcuminoid products which rely upon purification of curcuminoids, BIOMOR Curcumin is formulated with components of turmeric normally removed during the extraction process. This proprietary formula thereby relies on the inherent synergy of turmeric's natural components to dramatically increase blood levels of curcumin. The manufacturing process is patented and the subject of on-going clinical trials. (8,24) What are the Scientifically-Proven Benefits of Curcumin? No longer relegated to folklore, modern science has created a large and fast-growing body of scientific research about this medicinal herb. The U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) Library of Medicine's PubMed MEDLINE database yields thousands of scientific articles about turmeric's active ingredient, curcumin (curcuminoids). Extensive research shows curcumin can benefit multiple targets in the body and provides scientific basis for its effectiveness in a wide variety of different body systems. Multiple Molecular Targets of Curcumin (Above:) Curcumin attacks multiple targets, providing the scientific basis for its effectiveness in many different diseases. Extensive research shows most diseases are caused by dysregulation of multiple signaling pathways--casting doubt on the effectiveness of monotherapy, which is limited to a single target. (2, 6) Studies show curcumin modulates numerous molecular targets, including: regulating several cytokines and fibroblast growth factor-2 (gene expression), growth-factor receptors including modulation of androgen receptors (protein kinases), transcription factors, pro-inflammatory enzymes (including supression of COX-2, 5-LOX and iNOS and regulation of NF- B), modulation of cell-cycle-related gene expression, blocking the adhesion molecules, downregulating antiapoptic proteins and inhibiting multi-drug resistance. (2, 6) Review of MEDLINE Research for Curcumin curcumin reduces inflammation and edema curcumin accelerates wound-healing curcumin's role against cancer curcumin's potential to reduce heart disease curcumin's therapeutic effects against: arthritis Crohn's and inflammatory bowel disease irritable bowel syndrome and ulcerative colitis neurological diseases Alzheimer's disease multiple sclerosis diabetes type II cataract formation drug-induced toxicity in the heart, lung and kidney cystic fibrosis skin diseases: psoriasis, scleroderma and dermatitis curcumin may reduce the progression of HIV safety of curcumin (2, 4, 6, 16) Most of the MEDLINE research is based upon curcumin's ability to suppress inflammation and shows curcumin is effective in both acute and chronic inflammation. (4) The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service lists 78 biologic activities associated with curcumin, from anti-HIV to anti-ulcerogenic actions. (14) There are also many private studies. The latest information is reviewed here, and references are included in footnotes for those who wish to examine more technical details. Is There a Difference Between Curcumin and Curcuminoids? Not in the marketplace where no distinction is possible since the terms are used interchangeably. For convenience, all curcuminoids are often referred to simply as "curcumin" even though turmeric contains a variety of different curcuminoids. (2, 6) Conventional curcumin (excluding nano) products typically contain three major curcuminoids: curcumin (curcumin I), demethoxycurcumin (curcumin II) and bis-demethoxycurcumin (curcumin III). (2, 6) Most Curcumin Products Contain 3 Curcuminoids Commercial curcumin products typically contain curcumin I (~77%), curcumin II (~17%) and curcumin III (~3%) as its major components. (1) Preparations of curcumin contain different ratios of various curcuminoids and vary in effectiveness. Turmeric may contain well over a hundred chemical species--many of which are expected to be discovered in the essential oil complexes of this medicinal herb. In fact, a complete analysis of all constituents in turmeric has not yet been completed. Researchers continue to discover new curcuminoids and major differences are identified. (3) Most consumers may not realize many studies achieved effective blood levels of curcumin by intravenous injections directly into the veins because pure curcumin (including all known curcuminoids) is very poorly absorbed into the blood after oral ingestion. (4) Many studies prove the various curcuminoids work synergistically together and certain combinations of curcuminoids produce more biological action than any curcuminoid used alone. (4) A specific ratio of curcuminoids together with certain essential oil components of turmeric proves the most bioavailable and produces the best clinical results. This curcumin formula, together with a patented manufacturing, technology increases absorption of curcumin up to 800% greater than other standardized 95% curcumin brands. (8) Longer Retention Confirmed by Human Clinical Studies? YES Why is GC-MS a problem? GC-MS does not break or dissolve curcumin crystals, so contaminants remain undetected. So, while GC-MS can be reliable for other herbal extracts, curcumin is different because it undergoes crystallization during extraction and solvents become trapped inside the curcumin crystals. Warnings About Curcumin Additives Piperine Because curcumin has very poor oral bioavailability, many commercial curcumin products include additives to improve absorption. Here we examine the most common additive, piperine (Piper nigrum), extracted from black pepper fruit. Many curcumin products add piperine to improve absorption of curcumin. (4) But piperine is a problem for many consumers because the additive should be taken cautiously (if at all) by anyone taking medications. According to the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, piperine is a potent inhibitor of drug metabolism, which means piperine spikes blood levels of many prescription medications. (5) WARNING: Piperine is a potent inhibitor of drug metabolism. Commonly added to curcumin supplements to increase blood levels of the herb, piperine should be taken cautiously (if at all) by anyone taking medications, because the additive spikes blood levels of prescription drugs. (5) Piperine can potentially cause gastric irritation and bleeding. Even a single large dose (30 to 100 mg of piperine) was shown to cause increased gastric secretion, gastric cell loss (exfoliation), and mucosal micro-bleeding in healthy volunteers (similar to effects caused by 655mg of aspirin). (36) Piperine has been shown to cause gastric irritation and bleeding (like 655mg of aspirin). (36) Piperine has known central nervous system (CNS) depressant effects. (12, 13) A review of published research articles reveals piperine is toxic in experimental animals. (17-21) Some research suggests piperine is safe in small amounts but large amounts of piperine could be damaging to the liver or other organs. Experts and manufacturers advise against consuming more than 15 mg of piperine per day. (11) Finally, since piperine is a component of black pepper, consumers with a known allergy or hypersensitivity to black pepper should avoid piperine. Warning About Production-Coating-Additives: STEARATES (“Vegetable Lubricants”) Stearates are beneficial for machines, but not your health. Stearates (known as “vegetable lubricants” and include magnesium stearate) are hydrogenated oils added at production as a flowing agent, to save manufacturing costs. These fatty substances coat every particle of curcumin, so the particles flow rapidly through machinery. Stearic Acid is Not Good For Your Health Magnesium stearate is synthesized using stearic acid. The so-called “vegetable lubricants” are formed by adding a magnesium ion to stearic acid. Research found stearic acid suppresses T-cells, causing collapse of cell membrane integrity and eventually cell function. Another study found that using stearates in supplements reduced the dissolving rate by 65%. (25, 26) Do the production-coating-oils compromise safety and bioavailability? Most likely, and this is why BIOMOR Curcumin is manufactured without it. Warning About Synthetic Curcumin Petroleum-Based Synthetic Curcumin Sold as Natural Radio-carbon-dating testing by the University of Georgia shows various commercially available "natural" curcumin supplements are not all-natural, but are mixed with synthetic, petroleum-derived curcumin. Why does it matter? There are physical and pharmacological differences. Natural curcumin is extracted from the turmeric plant, whereas synthetic curcumin is made from petroleum-based chemicals. Natural curcumin contains naturally-formed compounds of curcuminoid molecules bonded with small portions of other helper-compounds in turmeric. Synthetic curcumin may copy three curcuminoids, or only one, or two. Artificial molecules lack any synergistic helper-compounds found in the turmeric plant. Most importantly, synthetic curcumin has no record of long-term safe use, nor are there studies showing whether it is beneficial in the same manner as natural curcumin for health. Is Curcumin Proven Safe? Yes! Safety evaluation studies show curcumin is well tolerated at very high doses without any adverse effects. For centuries, curcumin has been consumed as a dietary spice at doses up to 100 mg per day. Recent human clinical trials found no toxicity and no adverse side effects in curcumin. (1, 15) Even though many herbs and medicinal plants contain various biologically active compounds that may trigger side effects and interact with other herbs, supplements or medications, curcumin (without piperine) is considered very safe. (1) From the large number of studies conducted, curcumin has developed a flawless safety record. In fact, researchers are impressed with the absence of toxicity associated with turmeric and its components and therefore conclude it's superior to many contemporary medications. (1) (Click here for warnings about additives.) Toxicity Study on BIOMOR Curcumin BIOMOR Curcumin has been tested for toxicity in peer-reviewed safety studies. In all investigations, BIOMOR Curcumin was found safe and nontoxic in high doses. There were no significant changes in hematological and biochemical parameters. Interestingly, researchers found high doses of BIOMOR® Curcumin caused a healthy decrease in serum cholesterol. (10) BIOMOR Curcumin has been extensively tested in clinical trials at academic institutions worldwide. (23) (Click here for warnings about toxic solvents.) I have been taking your BioMor Curcumin for about 6-8 months now. I will always take it. I have a bad back and it helps alleviate swelling and pain from that but I have done some reading about the longer term benefits of taking it and am so glad to be a customer... Thank you. —Mr. Ed K.* My husband is a lumber grader and so he uses his shoulders and arms a lot. He has been taking 2 BioMor Curcumin and 2 Flavay Plus per day and he noticed how his shoulders and arms are feeling better. Even his psoriasis is better. Thank you for helping us with something that helps my husband so much! —Ms. D.E.* Both my wife and I are taking Biomor Curcumin. It has been very effective for both of us. We have tried many brands of curcumin, including one that appears very similar except the other is manufactured using stearates. I felt a very significant difference between Biomor Curcumin and the other brands. I also found Biomor Curcumin is less expensive because I take less, with better results. I m very happy with Biomor Curcumin. —Mr. J.S.* I don’t have to take aspirin anymore, this Biomor Curcumin is really working for me. But when I stop taking it, my pain comes right back. —Ms. Lynda C.* Now that I’m taking 4 BioMor Curcumin every day my pain is gone. Only about once a month, I’ll take an antiiflammatory for pain in my knees. I’m feeling so much better. —Ms. Y.L.* Thank God I found your Biomor Curcumin! My nutritionist recommended I take 5,000 mg curcumin per day, so I tried several brands of curcumin. Of one brand with piperine, I took 8 per day of 580 mg per capsule (4,440 mg per day). Of another brand, also with piperine, I took 6 per day of 875 mg per capsule (5,250 mg per day). Both of the curcumin products with piperine caused me to feel extremely exhausted, to the point where I couldn t do anything but rest. It seems the piperine reacted with my medications. So, I m so glad to have to have found Biomor Curcumin. I began feeling good with only one 500 mg capsule before bedtime, and I will begin to take another in the morning (1,000 mg per day). I feel great taking Biomor Curcumin. —Mr. N. Smith* I’ve had good luck with Biomor Curcumin, my arthritic finger cleared up. —Mr. Daniel F.* I want to tell your company that your Biomor Curcumin is doing wonderful things for my wife. We ve tried various curcumin products and this one is the best. —Mr. R.B.* It (Biomor Curcumin) has been working GREAT for my arthritic knees!!! I was going to have additional shots but decided to try these instead. AMAZING RESULTS!!!! —Mr. B.C.* My daughter takes Biomor Curcumin for boils and I want to tell you it really helps. —Ms. T.C.* I judge by my knees! My brother gave me a bottle of Biomor Curcumin and it works much better for me than the other brands of curcumin. —Mr. M.V.* I m getting relief from arthritis symptoms in my right knee (taking both Flavay and Biomor Curcumin). Sitting for long periods or getting out of my car was very painful for those first 5-10 steps, but no longer. The swelling in my knee has also subsided and the range of motion has come back... I m definitely much better and in less pain than before. Another benefit I also noticed is that dry skin in both of my lower legs/ankle area has disappeared. —Mr. B.M.* Thank you for Biomor Curcumin. I have a muscle disease which affords me little strength, and severe osteoarthritis. I cannot take NSAIDs or steroids due to severe diverticulosis. Biomor Curcumin gives me the flexibility to be able to move about freely. I was about to enter a nursing facility and was introduced to your fine product. —Mr. Kenneth W.* I am not one to review products, but i can t deny some of the benefits i ve experienced using both your curcumin and flavay products. I ve been taking both for a few months now, and the two major benefits i ve noticed are 1) joint strength and mobility (for workouts) as i am lifting much heavier weights without injury 2) I am a paroxsymal Afib sufferer, and my episodes have gone from 2-3 per week down to zero (most weeks). This can t just be a coincidence. I think there is definitely something in your formulas that stop inflammation and get your body in balance and healing itself. —Mr. B.V.W.* I can t believe what this stuff (BioMor Curcumin) has done for me! I just can t believe it! I was in three car wrecks and so I could hardly move and I was so stiff. But after about 3 weeks jumped out of bed! —Mr. Mike T.* I ve been taking one BioMor Curcumin a day for a long time. It does help. It works well, that s all I ll say. —Mr. John R.* My husband s hands were hurting so bad but after Biomor Curcumin his hands feel aren t hurting! —Ms. Wanda M.* Thank you so much for your quick response. The Biomor Curcumin has helped me so much with my Rheumatoid Arthritis, Osteoarthritis and M.S. When I don’t take the Biomor you can see the swelling worsen in my joints, it has helped me so much since I started taking them, and will now add an extra pill or two during the times my inflammation is at it’s worse. I will also continue to advise others to research, and purchase Biomor through Healthy Source. —Ms. B.H.* I bought BioMor Curcumin for my husband because he had hip surgery years ago and he has a lot of pain on certain days and he says it totally works for him. He doesn’t want to take any more pain killers and this is working for him. —Ms. S. Hill* I’ve tried other brands and you cannot compare, not even close. I play golf and no more pain when taking BioMor Curcumin! You guys are the best! —Mr. Jack K.* I’m so thrilled with BioMor Curcumin. There’s no question in my mind this is a miracle. I have RA and after taking BioMor Curcumin my legs and ankles are stronger and I feel so much better. I’m very grateful. (I tried other and much more expensive curcumin products and there is no comparison.) —Ms. J.B.* 1. Sarker, S.D., et al. "Bioactivity of Turmeric," Turmeric: The genus Curcuma; Medicinal and aromatic plants--industrial profiles, edited by Ravindran, P.N., et al. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2007. 2. Shishodia, S., et al. "Curcumin: Getting Back to the Roots," Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci.: 1056, 206-217, 2005. 3. Majeed, M., et al. Curcuminoids: antioxidant nutrients. Piscataway, NJ: Nutriscience Pubs., Inc., 1995. 4. Bharat, B.A., et al. "Curcumin--Biological and Medicinal Properties," Turmeric: The genus Curcuma; Medicinal and aromatic plants--industrial profiles, edited by Ravindran, P.N., et al. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2007. 5. Atal, C.K., et al. "Biochemical basis of enhanced drug bioavailability by piperine: evidence that piperine is a potent inhibitor of drug metabolism," American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics: Vol. 232, Issue 1, pp. 258-262, 1985. 6. Kotwal, G.J., et al. Natural Products and Molecular Therapy, First International Conference. New York, NY: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. 1056, 2005. 7. National Institutes of Health. MedlinePlus Herbs and Supplements: "Turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn.) and Curcumin," US Department of Health and Human Services; Natural Standard Research Collaboration: 2008 ed.: nlm.nih.gov 8. Benny, M., et al. Spice India: Vol. 19, No. 9, pp. 11-15, 2006. 9. Antony, B., et al. "Evaluation of a novel bioenhanced curcumin," Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences: Jul-Aug, pp. 445-50, 2008 10. Antony, B., et al. "A pilot cross-over study to evaluate human oral bioavailability of BCM-95 (CurcuGreen) CG, a novel bioenhanced preparation of curcumin," Ind J Pharm Sci. 2008;70(4):445-449. 11. Bezerra, D.P., et al. "In vivo growth-inhibition of sarcoma 180 by piplartine and piperine, two alkaloid amides from Piper." Brazilian journal of medical and biological research: Vol. 39, No. 6, pp. 801-807, 2006. 12. Van Wyk, B.E., et al. Medicinal Plants of the World. Portland OR: Timber Press Inc., 2004. 13. Duke, J.A., et al. CRC Handbook of Medicinal Spices. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2003. 14. Cronin, J.R. "Curcumin: Old spice is a new medicine." Journal of Alternative Complementary Therapies: Feb. 2003, pp. 34-38. 15. Cheng, A.L., et al. "Phase I clinical trial of curcumin, a chemoprotective agent, in patients with high-risk or pre-malignant lesions." Anti-cancer Res. 2001; July-Aug 21:2895-2900. 16. Anand, P., et al. "Bioavailability of Curcumin: Problems and Promises," Mol. Pharmaceutics: 2007, 4(6), pp. 807-818. (Cytokine Research Laboratory and Pharmaceutical Development Center, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.) 18. Piyachaturawat P., et al. "Acute and subacute toxicity of piperine in mice, rats and hamsters," Toxicol Lett 1983;16:351-9. 19. Daware, M.B., et al. "Reproductive toxicity of piperine in swiss albino mice," Planta Med 2000;66:231-6. 20. Panda S., et al. "Piperine lowers the serum concentrations of thyroid hormones, glucose and hepatic 5'D activity in adult male mice," Horm Metab Res 2003;35:523-6. 21. Unchern, S., et al. "Death of cerebellar granule neurons induced by piperine is distinct from that induced by low potassium," Neurochem Res 1998;23:97-102. 22. Werbach M.R., et al. Botanical Influences on Illness: A Sourcebook of Clinical Research: Second Edition. Tarzana, CA: Third Line Press Inc., 2000. 23. Antony, B. "Composition to Enhance the Bioavailability of Curcumin," U.S. Patent Nos. 7,736,679, 7,883,728, 7,879,373 (2011). 24. Liva, R. "Toxic Solvent Found in Curcumin Extract," Integrative Medicine, 9:5 Oct/Nov 2010. 25. Tebbey, P.W., Buttke, T.M. "Molecular basis for the immunosuppressive action of stearic acid on T cells,"Immunology, 70(3): 379–386, Jul 1990. 26. Jones, D.M. "Factors to Consider in Fluid-Bed Processing," Pharmaceutical Technology, Apr 1985. 27. Bhardwaj RK, et al. Piperine, a Major Constituent of Black Pepper, Inhibits Human P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics August 2002 302(2):645-650. 28. Kizhakkedath, et al. Molecular Medicine Reports, 2011;8(5):1542-8. 29. Chandran, et al. Phytotherapy Research, 2012;26(11):1719-25. 30. Hejazi, et al. Journal Cancer Science Therapy, 2013;5(10):320-324. 31. Sanmukhani, et al. Acta Pol Pharm, 2011;68(5):769-75. 32. Sanmukhani, et al. Phytotherapy Research, 2014;28:579-585. 33. Lopresti, et al. Journal of Effective Disorders, 2017;207:188-196. 34. Baum, et al. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 2008;28(1):110-114. 35. Leray, et al. British Journal Nutrition, 2011;106(Suppl1):S198-201. 36. Myers BM, et al. Effect of red pepper and black pepper on the stomach. Am J Gastroenterol. 1987 Mar;82(3):211-4. 37. Pearle MS, et al. Medical Management of Kidney Stones: AUA Guideline. 2014 Aug;192:316-324. 38. Tang M, et al. Effect of cinnamon and turmeric on urinary oxalate excretion, plasma lipids, and plasma glucose in healthy subjects. Amer J of Clin Nutr 2008 May;87(5):1262-1267. * Results vary by person and are not guaranteed. NOTE: We do not compensate for our endorsements and testimonials. We do not consider paid testimonials to be nearly as valuable as comments from customers who were not compensated and yet liked the products so much they gave their testimonials anyway. These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

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