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« DefinecomplementarityDefine complementationGo to Dictionary DefinitionGo to User ContributedDictionaryGo to Extensive DefinitionGo to Synonyms, Antonyms and RelatedWordsDictionary Definitioncomplementary adj1 acting as or providing a complement (somethingthat completes the whole) [syn: complemental, completing]2 of words or propositions so related that eachis the negation of the other; "`male' and `female' arecomplementary terms"3 of or relating to or suggestive ofcomplementation; "interchangeable electric outlets" [syn: interchangeable,reciprocal] n :either one of two chromatic colors that when mixed together givewhite (in the case of lights) or gray (in the case of pigments);"yellow and blue are complementaries" [syn: complementarycolor]User ContributedDictionaryEnglishPronunciationHomophones: complimentaryAdjectivecomplementaryFinnish: täydentävä,komplementaarinenof the specific pairings of the bases in DNA andUsage notesComplementary and complimentary arefrequently confused and misused in place of one another.Extensive DefinitionComplementarity is a concept in a number offields:In economics, itmay refer to eitherComplementgood, orNetworkeffectsIn physics, it mayrefer to eithera basic principle of quantum theory, see Complementarity(physics), orto Quark-Leptoncomplementarity in models from grandunified theoryIn molecularbiology, it is a property of nucleic acid molecules. SeeComplementarity (molecular biology)In systemsthinking, it is a principle concerning the observability ofsystem behaviour. In systems theory, any description of a systemreflects the point of view of a particular observer. The principleof complementarity states that, for any reasonably complex system,the views of any two observers will be complementary – it will beimpossible to derive all the observations of one of the observersfrom the other. The principle applies whenever we have partialdescriptions of the world from our observers, and may disappear ifwe ask the observers to make increasingly detailedobservations.In socialpsychology, it is the idea that people seek others withcharacteristics that are different from and complement their own ,aka the idea that opposites attract.In internationallaw and international jurisprudence, theprinciple that the higher (supranational) judicialbody can only take prosecutorial jurisdiction or authority in caseswhere the lower (national) judicial system is not investigating orprosecuting or has not been investigating or prosecuting a crime.“It ensures that the [international] authority does not supplantthe role of national authorities in the administration of criminaljustice.” “The exception to this rule should be where thenational proceedings are ‘ineffective’ or ‘unavailable,’ ratherthan where the state is ‘unwilling’ or ‘unable.’” It is intended to“assure that national authorities will remain the first line ofinvestigation and prosecution” and not be usurped by internationaljudicial authorities. Its particular relevance is to thefunctioning of the International Criminal Court [ICC].Complementarity (in social psychology)Complementarity insocial psychology is defined on the basis of the interpersonalcircle (Carson, 1969), according to which, interpersonal behaviorsfall on a circle with two dimensions, namely dominance (i.e.dominant-submissive) and warmth (i.e. hostile-friendly). It statesthat each interpersonal behavior invites certain responses ofanother interactant. The behavior and the response it invites aresaid to be complementary (Horowitz, Dryer, Krasnoperova,1997) when friendly behavior begets friendly behavior, and dominantbehavior begets submissive behavior. When people fail to give theinvited response, it is said to be a non-complementary interaction.If the first person’s behavior invites a reaction from the secondperson that matches the second person’s goals, then the secondperson is satisfied; otherwise, the second person is frustrated(Dryer Horowitz, 1997)Factors affecting complementarityHigh complementarity in agentic behaviors isfound in office settings whereas high complementarity in communalbehaviors is found in non-office settings (Moskowitz et al. 2007).In an office setting, dominant agentic behaviors such as settinggoals and making suggestions may be complemented with submissiveagentic behaviors like avoiding taking the lead and not expressingtheir own views. At home, recreation and others, on the one hand,friendly communal behaviors such as smiling may invite similarbehaviors like compromising about a decision. On the other hand,hostile communal behaviors like showing impatience may begetsimilar behaviors like showing no response to partners (Moskowitzet al. 2007).High complementarity is found in supervisors(high-status, high powered), they can act freely in their own way.Less complementarity is found in supervisees (low-status,low-powered), as they are normally guided by social norms whichmold their behaviors. (Moskowitz, 2007; Locke, 2007).Time e.g. strangers, old friendsHigh levels of complementarity are presumed to bestable over time than those low levels of complementarity (Tracey,2004). Greater levels of complementarity are developed when peoplehave known each other for a long time than when they are newlyacquainted (Tracey, 2004; Markey, Kurtz, 2006 stated in Moskowitz,2007). However, contradictory result is also found in a studyconducted by Ansell (2008). Moderating effect of gender differencein complementarity Complementary can be influenced by differentrelationship styles on male and female. Girls in general lovecommunal behaviors such as social conversation and self-disclosurewhereas boys love dominance behaviors such as competitive,organized or rough-and-tumble play. These developmentallydifferences can result in different peer relationships. A study byAnsell (2008) among 120 college students found that women reportedsignificantly more complementarity than men among roommate dyads.The higher level of complementarity on dominance behaviors such assetting goals and making suggestions as found in both men and womendyads, the more cohesive the relationship was reported (Ansell,2008).ReferencesAction G. Scott (2001), The Interpersonal Principle ofComplementarity:A Meta-Analysis, Retrieved Apr 2, 2008, fromhttp://www.personalityresearch.org/acton/meta-analysis.htmlAnsell, E. B.; Kurtz, J. E.; Markey, P. M. (2008) GenderDifferences in Interpersonal Complementarity Within Roommate Dyads,Personality And Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol. 34, No. 4 pp.502-512, April 2008Carson, R. (1969). Interaction concepts of personality.Chicago: Aldine.Dryer, D. C.; Horowitz, Leonard M. (1997) When Do OppositeAttract? Interpersonal Complementarity Versus Similarity, Journalof Personality and Social Psychology Vol 72 No. 3, 592-603, 1997Horowitz, L. M., Dryer, D. C., Krasnoperova, E. N.(1997). The circumplex structure of interpersonal problems. In R.Plutchik H. R. Conte (Eds.), Circumplex models of personalityand emotions. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Locke, Kenneth D.; Sadler, Pamela (2007) Self-Efficacy, Values,and Complementarity in Dyadic Interactions: IntegratingInterpersonal and Social-Cognitive Theory, Personality And SocialPsychology Bulletin, Vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 94-109, January 2007Moskowitz, D.s.; Ho, Moon-ho Ringo; Turcotte-tremblay,Anne-marie (2007) Contextual Influences on InterpersonalComplementarity, Personality And Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol.33, no. 8, pp. 1051-1063, August 2007Tracey, Terence J. G. (2004) Levels of InterpersonalComplementarity: A Simplex Representation, Personality And SocialPsychology Bulletin, Vol. 30, no. 9, pp. 1211-1225, Septembercomplementary in Czech:KomplementaritaSynonyms, Antonyms and RelatedWordsanalogous, answering, coequal, complemental, completing, completive, completory, consummative, consummatory, correspondent, corresponding, culminative, equipollent, equivalent, filling, fulfilling, homologous, perfective, reciprocal, reciprocative, tantamount

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