Phoxis Dont just think Do it.

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October 29, 2017October 31, 2017 phoxis C Language, Coding Discussions, Computer Science, Linux Programming Dirty8085: An Intel 8085 Microprocessor simulator This is another quick post about an unfinished (but working) software which I wrote around 8 years ago. It is an Intel 8085 microprocessor simulator, with a text based interface. The objective was to simulate the microprocessor, along with a minimal interface which closely resembles the microprocessor kit with the 7-segment displays, hex keyboard and minimal debugging features.Quick storyIn our undergraduate computer science degree, we had a few subjects on microprocessor architecture. One of the subjects focused on the Intel 8085 microprocessor architecture in great details, Intel 8086 architecture, interfacing, etc. Along with the detailed architecture, we also had to do some assembly code for 8085. It was fun because, we had to use a physical 8085 microprocessor kit with a hex keyboard and just those 7-segment displays.8085 Microprocessor trainer kitTo write a code in the kit, you need to scan through the memory and enter the values of the assembled code. Who assembles it? We had to do that manually. We would have a table of all the instructions and the hex value for the op-code. More essentially it is very important to know the precise operations for each instruction. What operation it performs, which registers are accessed, what memory locations are accessed and how does it change the flags.It gets more interesting (sometimes painful) when you first write your code in assembly in a white sheet of physical paper, then you refer the table and convert the assembly code to machine code, basically an entire page of hex values. Next, you get to your 8085 microprocessor kit, start from a memory location and keep on typing these hex values like a maniac. There were 8085 microprocessor kits which had some debugging facility, but essentially, if something goes wrong, it was extremely difficult to find, given our skills.Although we were required to use the physical 8085 microprocessor kit in the exams, but for practice, we used 8085 microprocessor simulators. There are quite a few 8085 microprocessor simulators available. One of them was provided with one of the text books. There were simulators with text interface, some with text and some with nice GUI interfaces. I used one of them, the GNUSim8085. You can find an in depth review of GNUSim8085, which I wrote for OpenSource For You long ago, also posted here: Reviewing the GNUSim8085 (v1.3.7).I personally did not like most of the simulators or the interfaces. All of them involved a lot of mouse-clicking, which slows you down a lot and does not reflect the actual 8085 trainer kit experience. There were a few which had full keyboard control, but somehow we felt that they were cumbersome. The Intel 8085 trainer kit experience was highly required inorder to timely and correctly finish the tasks given in the examination. The good thing was, I (and a few of my friends) knew exactly what I was looking for. Therefore I tried to make one (drum roll) Dirty8085. Continue reading Dirty8085: An Intel 8085 Microprocessor simulator October 19, 2017June 5, 2018 phoxis C Language, Computer Science, Linux / Unix Shell, Overview, Uncategorized CPULeash: A tool for capping per-process and process group CPU utilisation from userspace It s now mid October, there are 0 posts in 2017. Therefore I think it s time to loosen up posting constraints and try make a bit more casual posts. For a start I will dig up one of the unfinished works. I will start with a quick overview of an old piece of tool (unmaintained) I wrote quite a few years ago. The tool caps the maximum CPU utilisation of a process from userspace without requiring root access. One instance of the process can cap multiple processes individually, in a group or it can also cap an entire process sub-tree. I intended to post about it in great detail, but this time I will keep it brief, and dig deeper in the next opportunity. Let s get into it.Motivation (from agony)A few years ago, I was used to run different CPU intensive experiments on my old laptop, which would sometime run weeks. The CPU temperature used to go up to 95 Deg C. Sometimes it went upto 99 Deg C and then it used to throttle down the cores to get the temperature down. This is definitely not a healthy temperature, therefore I feared of hardware damage. The laptop had a metal case, which became so hot that it left red marks on my thighs. One time an entire chocolate bar melted into a pool of liquid chocolate (someone left it near the exhaust fan). Therefore it was time that I figure something out, such that I can run the experiments, but keep the laptop cool (relatively).The obvious idea was to cap the CPU usage for the processes. An easy solution is to install a virtual machine and run the code inside the virtual environment. Note that, in my case nice does not work, as it does not help control how much of the CPU a processes utilises when it acquires it. I could have used cgroups, but I didn t want to (I don t know why). At that point of time I was feeling the need for Solaris Zones.Essentially what I wanted is something portable in any *nix system, works completely from userspace and also does not need root privilege. Therefore I made a small tool which does in. It was written in C and POSIX compliant libraries.Also note that, there is a similiar kind of tool called cpulimit, which I didn t know existed when I wrote this. This tool works well too.Given this situation, it was time to write something in-house drum roll CPULeash. Continue reading CPULeash: A tool for capping per-process and process group CPU utilisation from userspace December 31, 2016January 2, 2017 phoxis C Language, Coding Discussions, Computer Science, Linux Programming Hacking (Reverse engineering): Gaining access with wrong password In this post, I will quickly show how you can use a debugger to hack poorly written or packaged code. More specifically, how to enter a wrong password but still get access. Before proceeding, I should be clear, that this is just a demonstration, and the programs out there in production (these days) will definitely not vulnerable to this method (if it is, then it is a shitty program). This is to demonstrate how you can change the execution path as you wish.First I will show a simple code which prompts for a password to be set, then encrypts it using MD5 sum hash and salt and stores the hash in a file. Then it asks for the same password, reads the hash from the stored file and compares if the two entered passwords are same or not. Then I will show how to reverse engineer the executable file and enter the wrong password, but still make it think that we the correct password was entered. Continue reading Hacking (Reverse engineering): Gaining access with wrong password December 30, 2016October 30, 2017 phoxis Computer Science, Others Using WordPress.com stats API Long ago I posted about the WordPress.com stats API. WordPress.com Stats API. WordPress.com stores your blog s raw visit stats which is available via your API key and the blog URL. Basically these stats are used to show the stats you see in your dashboard.The older wordpress.com dashboard did not have much visualisations of the stats, but the new dashboard has introduced some more ways to see how your blog is doing. When I posted WordPress.com Stats API, there was absolutely no trace or documentation about the wordpress.com API. It seemed that even the guys in wordpress.com was not well aware about if such an API existed :D . (Check the post to know why).At the previous post I just provided some guides on how to fetch the data. Recently I planned to write a quick implementation to fetch the stats from wordpress.com and therefore I am going to share the script. This is a quick and dirty implementation to demonstrate the stuff. I have also made a few processing on the incoming data and made a few plots. Most of which might not (will not) make much sense (especially the box plots), but it s just for the baseline. Let s proceed with the code. Continue reading Using WordPress.com stats API November 13, 2016November 15, 2016 phoxis Coding Discussions, Computer Science A wide character trie implementation It s been a long time since I posted here. Therefore I decided to dig out some quick and straightforward stuffs from my disk which I previously decided should t be in this blog.I have posted multiple trie and dictionary search based programs in C, C++ and Perl before Jumble Work Solver and Jumble Work Solver Again. This time (again!) it s about a trie. Although this time there was a specific requirement from a group who needed to implement a trie based word distance counting for bangla language, therefore Unicode support. This was supposed to be modified more and plugged into a spelling correction for scanned OCR text in the Bengali language.Initially I suggested that a ternary tree would be more appropriate as the memory cost for standard trie (not compressed) would be huge. Although, finally the decision was to go with plain and simple trie. I know it is mad, but this is what it is :D.Also, before going into the implementation, I should note that there is an efficient implementation of Radix Tree present in libcprops library. Though which we won t be using for this one. I would recommend you people to have a look into this library if you already haven t seen it yet.Let s say, we have a word hello and a node with an array of pointers of length 26 representing each character of the English language, each of which indicates that if the ith character follows the character represented by this node. Therefore for this example hello , the head node s array of pointers will have the location 7 pointing to another node, which will have the 4th location of the pointer pointing to another node, whose pointer array s 11 th location will point to another node and so on. Note here the indexing starts from zero. When the word ends, then the next pointer can be pointed to a special terminal marker node, which can be common to all, and the node is marked as a terminal node. This is essential as a valid word can be a substring of another valid word, in which case the shorter would need to be decided. When another new word like help comes in, we will follow the same path upto hel created by the word hello , and as we find there are no pointer for p pointing to any node, a new node will be created as explained before. Continue reading A wide character trie implementation January 2, 2016January 4, 2017 phoxis Computer Science, Linux Programming, Overview An overview of the PC Real Time Clock (RTC) IntroductionHave you ever thought how the computer is able to display the correct time after you power on the system? There is a component called the RTC in the computer which stores this date and time information when the computer is turned off.I will talk about how to read/write the date and time and use other features of the RTC using command-line tools, Linux RTC driver and also a low level direct access to the RTC internal registers. Continue reading An overview of the PC Real Time Clock (RTC) April 21, 2015April 21, 2015 phoxis Coding Discussions, Computer Science A generic Fisher-Yates Shuffle It s been a long time I have done any activity in this blog. I was going through some old stuffs and thought to post something. Today I will post a generic implementation for Fisher-Yates Shuffle.Although you can get the Fisher-Yates algorithm from wiki, still I am briefly explaining it.Let us assume that there is a array arr of length n. We need to find a uniformly random permutation of the elements of the array. One of the variations of the algorithm is as follows.arr is an array of length n, where indexing starts from 0i=n-1while i 0 r = generate a random number between 0 and i (both inclusive) swap the array elements arr[r] and arr[i] i = i - 1arr is now uniformly permuted Continue reading A generic Fisher-Yates Shuffle December 30, 2014 phoxis Uncategorized 2014 in review This is pretty embarrassing. I promised to post several posts in last year and now ended up posting two posts in the last year, also none of those posts were actually a post. The worst year ever. Let s see this year.The WordPress.com stats helper monkeys prepared a 2014 annual report for this blog.Here s an excerpt:The Louvre Museum has 8.5 million visitors per year. This blog was viewed about 92,000 times in 2014. If it were an exhibit at the Louvre Museum, it would take about 4 days for that many people to see it.Click here to see the complete report. August 14, 2014August 14, 2014 phoxis Uncategorized, Writings Blogging update I promised (myself and you all) to post atleast 2 posts per month this year. Which clearly did not work at all. This is because this post is the second post after the promise post . What is going on then. The fact is I am not that much busy that I cannot put up a new post on the blog. The fact is that right now there are at least three different things I need to handle and this context switch every day or multiple times a week does not let me actually click the publish button (you all know how hard it is to click that button).Recently (more than a year now) I was working on a cluster analysis algorithm and previously I was learning while working with some basic feed forward neural networks. Along with this I also keep in touch with *nix system programming and Linux OS kernel architecture (and a bit of Solaris recently). Therefore things are diverse. The job I do in the daytime (for which I get paid) is another domain (though similar to the system programming thing, but not exactly). Therefore the contexts are pretty diverse for me therefore the focus keeps shifting.There are quite a few good ideas, for which there are drafts written, but as usual, it stays at on the disk. Why I am posting this? I am posting this because I need to press the Publish button and try again start the posting.Therefore let s see. May 20, 2014May 23, 2014 phoxis Humor, Writings Respect the ~ files It has been a long time since a post in this blog. I thought to break this silence with a short post.Several text editors in Linux environment like KWrite and GEdit that will store automatic temporary files ending with a ~ (tilde) character. Generally it is a default setting in most of the major distributions. Initially this feature annoyed me, as now you have twice the number of files in your directory, and often used rm *~ to clear out the files. Although it was annoying at the beginning, there are several cases it saved me. Continue reading Respect the ~ files Privacy Cookies: This site uses cookies. By continuing to use this website, you agree to their use. To find out more, including how to control cookies, see here: Cookie Policy

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