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xGeopoliticsWhy Turkey Could Still Block NATO Membership For Sweden And Finland
The U.S. Senate has ratified NATO membership for the two Nordic countries. But one sticking point remains: Turkey wants the Nordic nations to adopt tougher anti-Kurdish policies.
HELSINKI — Sweden's and Finland's NATO membership took another leap forward this week as the United States voted in favor of the Nordic countries joining the military alliance, with 95 senators for and one against. After the vote Wednesday night, the ratification is still pending in seven countries. But all eyes will now be on just one: Turkey.
Stay up-to-date with the latest on the Russia-Ukraine war, with our exclusive international coverage.
Sign up to our free daily newsletter.NATO cannot accept new members without the green light of all its member states, so Helsinki and Stockholm have had no other choice than to listen to Ankara’s demands. Many fear that this will make it more difficult to criticize Turkey for human rights violations — something both Nordic countries have done in the past.
According to Toni Alaranta, Senior Research Fellow in the Finnish Institute of International Affairs, a worst-case scenario of the Nordic countries joining NATO would be a Turkish attack on Syria’s Kurds, during which Ankara would expect either acceptance or at least silence from the Nordic nations. And fears of such an attack are not unfounded as Turkey has continued to issue threats of a Syrian offensive as recently as last month.
The Kurdish question
According to a trilateral memorandum signed at the end of June between Sweden, Finland and Turkey, all parties commit to addressing Turkey’s requests for deportation or extradition of terror suspects. This referred particularly to cracking down on the alleged funding and recruitment of the Kurdistan Workers' Party's (PKK), which Turkey, the U.S. and the EU classify as a terrorist organization.
The Kurdish people mostly live in southeast Turkey, northern Syria, northern Iraq and northwest Iran. They have faced a long history of discrimination in Turkey, where the Kurdish language was banned until 1946. The PKK's ostensible aim is equal rights for Kurds and Kurdish autonomy within Turkey, but it has carried out terror attacks in the country for four decades.
So far, Finland and Sweden have addressed the requests but declined the Turkish demand to extradite a number of its citizens.
Turkey will have to finally agree to their accession.
During negotiations on the memorandum, Turkey also accused the Nordic countries of being “guesthouses for terrorists” to which Swedish Minister for Foreign Affairs Ann Linde responded that the PKK has been defined as a terrorist organization in Sweden since 1984, eight years before the EU followed suit.
Since signing the memorandum, some authorities in Sweden have echoed Turkey’s demands, including Swedish Security Police chief Charlotte von Essen, who called for a ban on demonstrations in solidarity with the PKK in July. In response, Janne Flyghed, professor of criminology at Stockholm University, called the proposal a threat to freedom of speech.
Turkey’s aims do not seem to be limited to only cracking down on the Kurds. At the end of May, Turkish officials demanded that Finland extradite a Turkish man whom Turkey accuses of defaming the president.
So far, Helsinki has declined to take any action based on the request. The court dealing with the matter has stated that extraditing the man would be a violation of human rights and the right to free speech.
Turkish soldiers marching during a military parade in Ankara
Tunahan Turhan/SOPA Images/ZUMA
Turkey's diplomatic leverage
At the end of July, Turkey reaffirmed its demands and stated that neither Nordic country had fulfilled their part of the memorandum. Furthermore, Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu also added that if Helsinki and Stockholm would not meet the demands of the memorandum, Turkey would block their membership.
As more member states move to ratify Finland's and Sweden’s memberships, Turkey will have to finally agree to their accession or do something drastic with serious repercussions for the world's biggest military alliance. For the time being, however, it seems that Turkey will try to squeeze as much diplomatic leverage as possible from the memorandum signed with the Nordics until the very last moment.
And even if the Sweden and Finland do join the alliance, a Turkish attack on the Kurds in Syria would put the Nordic states in a serious predicament.
War In Ukraine, Day 163: Lavrov And Blinken Confirm Prisoner Swap Possibility, Following Griner Sentence
Still, both foreign ministers had tough words for the other country....
Following a Moscow court’s sentencing of U.S. basketball star Brittney Griner, Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov said Russia was ready to discuss an exchange of prisoners with the United States, but warned that Washington should not “resort to public diplomacy” over the case.
Stay up-to-date with the latest on the Russia-Ukraine war, with our exclusive international coverage.
Sign up to our free daily newsletter."There is a special channel, which is agreed upon by the presidents, and no matter what anyone says publicly, this channel remains relevant,” Lavrov said, referring to a framework on prisoner exchanges agreed by the heads of state in Geneva last July. “If the Americans decide to resort to public diplomacy again and make loud announcements, statements that they are now going to take such and such steps, this is their business, their problem."
U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken reacted to Lavrov’s comments: “We put forward, as you know, a substantial proposal that Russia should engage with us on,” Blinken said on the sidelines of of the ASEAN foreign ministers' meeting in Cambodia. “And what Foreign Minister Lavrov said this morning and said publicly is that they are prepared to engage through channels we've established to do just that. And we'll be pursuing that.”
Of Thursday’s court ruling near Moscow, Blinken said it “further compounds the injustice that's being done to her and her wrongful detention.”
Griner was sentenced to nine years in prison on charges of attempting the smuggling of drugs. In June, another U.S. citizen, Paul Whelan, was also sentenced to 16 years of strict regime in penal colonies for espionage. The White House believes that both are being held wrongfully. Washington is offering Moscow to exchange them for Viktor Bout, a Russian convicted arms dealer.
Meanwhile U.S. President Joe Biden also shared his reaction to the sentence in a statement on Thursday: “It's unacceptable, and I call on Russia to release her immediately so she can be with her wife, loved ones, friends, and teammates.”
Kyiv Slams Amnesty International Report That Criticized Ukraine Military
Oksana Pokalchuk, head of Amnesty International, Ukraine, said that the Ukrainian team had not been involved in the preparation of Amnesty’s report that accused Ukraine’s military of endangering civilians.
Pakalchuk said that Amnesty dismissed all arguments by the Ukrainian team regarding the incompleteness of the report, and the authors didn’t wait for a response from Ukraine’s Defense Ministry.
President Volodymyr Zelenskiy also responded saying "Today we saw an Amnesty International report that attempts to amnesty a terrorist state and shift responsibility from the aggressor to its victim."
The report,published on Thursday, said that the Ukrainian army was endangering the life of civilians by basing in residential areas, using schools and hospitals as bases firing near houses and sometimes even living in residential flats. The report concluded that this meant in some instances Russian forces would respond to an attack or target residential areas. This put civilians at risk and damaged civilian infrastructure.
Amnesty International Secretary General Agnes Callamard responded to complaints regarding the report saying that “Ukrainian and Russian social media mobs and trolls: they are all at it today attacking Amnesty investigations. This is called war propaganda, disinformation, misinformation."
Russia To Launch Satellite For Iran, But Will Use For Military Purposes In Ukraine
\u201cIran Space Agency: Khayyam satellite to be sent into orbit next week\n\nThe Iranian Space Agency on Wednesday confirmed that Iran's Khayyam satellite will be sent into orbit next week in cooperation with Russia.\u201d — Iran's military magazine (@Iran's military magazine) 1659619423
Russia is set to launch the “Khayyam” satellite on behalf of Iran to be able to spy on sensitive facilities in the Middle East. However, The Washington Post cites Russian officials who say that Moscow is expected to also use the satellite for its own military interests in Ukraine to strengthen the surveillance potential.
Turkey Says More Grain Exports Leave Ukrainian Ports
The Panama-flagged Navistar dry cargo ship carrying Ukrainian grain departs from the port of Odessa
Turkish Defense Ministry/TASS/zuma
Turkish authorities have confirmed that three ships carrying 58,000 tons of corn have successfully left Ukrainian ports in Odessa and Chernomorsk, Russian daily Kommersant reports. The ships received permission to depart from theJoint Coordination Centre in Istanbul, created as part of a UN brokered deal on the export of Ukrainian grain on July 22. The three ships are sailing to the UK, Ireland and Turkey.
Zelensky Accuses EU Of Delaying Funding, “Hostage To Bureaucracy”
European Union headquarters
www.flickr.comThe European Union is artificially delaying the provision of macro-financial assistance to Ukraine in the amount of 8 billion euros, President of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelensky said.
“Every day and in different ways, I remind some EU leaders that Ukrainian pensioners, our IDPs, our teachers and other people who depend on budget payments should not be held hostage to their indecision or bureaucracy,” Zelensky said in his evening address, published in his Telegram channel. "Eight billion euros for Ukraine is now suspended. And such an artificial delay in macro-financial assistance for our state is either a crime or a mistake."
On Thursday, Reuters reported that the European Union, to which Ukraine has been granted official candidate status, intends to form a new financial assistance package for Ukraine in the amount of €8 billion by September. Part of the funds will be provided to Kyiv in the form of grants, and the rest in the form of loans.
How Baden-Baden Became A Ghost Town
A Russian Orthodox Easter service held at Christ the Redeemer Parish in Baden-Baden.
Uli Deck/dpa/ZUMA
The Black Forest spa town of Baden-Baden has long been the destination of choice for Russian tourists, with oligarchs shopping in the luxury boutiques and buying up swathes of property.
But Vladimir Putin’s invasion of Ukraine has changed all that and the town's once-bustling streets are empty, writes Hannelore Crolly for German daily Die Welt.
Read the full article on Worldcrunch.com
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