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Holmens Church; Credit Wikipedia
Holmens Church in Copenhagen, Denmark is a church of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Denmark, sometimes called The Church of Denmark, the established, state-supported church in Denmark. The church has long had a connection to ships and the Danish navy and is located on the water. In medieval Copenhagen, Holmen was an island but in the 16th century, city restructuring made it a peninsula surrounded by Holmens Canal. On this peninsula, King Christian III founded a shipyard that became synonymous with the name Holmen. In 1617, King Christian IV built houses for the shipyard workers. This increased the population of the area and it was necessary to build a larger church which was constructed in a building that had been used as a forge for anchors. This church required only interior work and no major redesign of the basic structure of the building and was consecrated on September 5, 1619.
The second Holmens Church in the 18th century; Credit Wikipedia
The church quickly became too small, and in 1641 it was decided to expand the church. Architect Leonhard Blasius was the builder of the second church, but it was King Christian IV who determined the design of the church which was modeled after the Glücksburg Castle Church. The major Copenhagen fires of 1728 and 1795 did not affect Holmens Church, and the bombardments in 1659 and 1807 only caused minor damage to the church.
The interior of Holmens Church; Credit Wikipedia
Today’s church is much the same as the second church built by King Christian IV. Holmens Church still has the original whitewashed walls, the barrel-vaulted ceiling with stucco decoration, and the large oak altarpiece and the oak pulpit made by sculptor Abel Schrøder the Younger. The only major addition was the chapel hall begun in 1705 under the direction of Danish architect Johann Conrad Ernst where the tombs of famous Danish naval personnel rest.
The altarpiece by Abel Schrøder the Younger; Credit Wikipedia
The pulpit by Abel Schrøder the Younger; Credit Wikipedia
There are no royal burials at Holmens Church except for two possibilities. The crypt under the chapel hall has an inscription that tells of two small corpses transferred from the chapel of a royal castle. It is assumed that these are two of the six children of King Frederik IV and Anna Sophie Reventlow, his mistress, bigamous wife, and 2nd legal wife. Three of their children were born before the legal marriage in 1721 but none survived infancy. The three children born after the 1721 marriage were styled as Prince/Princess of Denmark and Norway but none of them survived infancy either. The deaths of all six children of Frederik IV and Anna Sophie were seen by many as divine punishment for their bigamous marriage.
King Frederik IX had a career in the Royal Danish Navy and had a great love for the sea. Perhaps that was the reason his three children were christened at Holmens Church. His eldest daughter and successor Queen Margrethe II was also married there and her son Crown Prince Frederik and his twin son and daughter Prince Vincent and Princess Josephine were christened at Holmens Church.
Royal Events at Holmens Church
Embed from Getty ImagesChristening of the future Crown Prince Frederik. Looking on in the middle is his grandfather King Frederik IX
May 14, 1940 Christening of the future Queen Margrethe II, daughter of King Frederik IXMay 24, 1944 Christening of Princess Benedikte, daughter of King Frederik IXOctober 9, 1946 Christening of Princess Anne-Marie, later Queen Consort of Greece, daughter of King Frederik IXJune 10, 1967 Wedding of Queen Margrethe II and Henri de Laborde de MonpezatJune 24, 1968 Christening of Crown Prince Frederik, son of Queen Margrethe IIApril 14, 2011 Christening of Prince Vincent and Princess Josephine, twin son and daughter of Crown Prince FrederikThis article is the intellectual property of Unofficial Royalty and is NOT TO BE COPIED, EDITED, OR POSTED IN ANY FORM ON ANOTHER WEBSITE under any circumstances. It is permissible to use a link that directs to Unofficial Royalty.
Works Cited
Da.wikipedia.org. 2021. Holmens Kirke Wikipedia, den frie encyklopædi. [online] Available at: https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holmens_Kirke [Accessed 30 August 2021].En.wikipedia.org. 2021. Holmen Church Wikipedia. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holmen_Church [Accessed 30 August 2021].Holmenskirke.dk. 2021. Holmens Kirke. [online] Available at: https://www.holmenskirke.dk/ [Accessed 30 August 2021].Share this:EmailPrintFacebookTwitter© Unofficial Royalty 2021
Wilhelmine of Prussia, Queen of the Netherlands; Credit Wikipedia
October 12, 1537 Birth of King Edward VI of England at Hampton Court Palace in Richmond upon Thames, England
Twenty-six years into his reign, King Henry VIII of England was still without a male heir. He married his third wife Jane Seymour eleven days after Anne Boleyn’s execution, and Jane was pregnant before her first wedding anniversary, which would prove to be her only wedding anniversary. As was tradition, Jane went into confinement a month before the baby’s due date. At 2 AM, on October 12, 1537, the long-awaited male heir was born. Jane’s labor had been long, two days and three nights. Three days later, the baby was christened Edward after Edward the Confessor whose feast day is October 13. His half-sisters 21-year-old Mary and four-year-old Elizabeth attended the ceremony along with his mother who was carried on a litter. Henry’s joy soon turned into grief. On October 17, 1537, Jane’s condition deteriorated and she was given the last rites. She died on October 24, 1537, most likely from puerperal fever or childbed fever, a bacterial infection. Edward succeeded his father at age nine but was dead from tuberculosis six years later.
Unofficial Royalty: King Edward VI of England
October 12, 1730 – Death of King Frederik IV of Denmark and Norway; at Odense Palace in Denmark; buried at Roskilde Cathedral in Denmark
Frederik is known for the two bigamous marriages he made with his mistresses. Despite this, he was a fairly successful ruler. He selected his advisors carefully and held audiences in which ordinary people could speak to him and present letters with complaints or requests. However, Frederik was not very familiar with the Danish language, which he only used on state occasions. He usually spoke and wrote in German and French. Frederik IV was interested in Italian architecture and traveled to Italy several times and he had two palaces built in the Italian Baroque style. Frederiksberg Palace, located in Frederiksberg, close to Copenhagen, was built 1699 – 1735. Fredensborg Palace built 1720 – 1726, is located on Lake Esrum in Fredensborg on the island of Zealand in Denmark. Toward the end of his life, Frederik IV suffered from edema, then called dropsy. He died the day after his 59th birthday.
Unofficial Royalty: King Frederik IV of Denmark and Norway
October 12, 1798 – Birth of King Pedro IV of Portugal/Emperor Pedro I of Brazil at Queluz Palace in Lisbon, Portugal
Full name: Pedro de Alcântara Francisco António João Carlos Xavier de Paula Miguel Rafael Joaquim José Gonzaga Pascoal Cipriano Serafim
As Emperor Pedro I, he was the founder and first ruler of the Empire of Brazil. As King Pedro IV, he reigned briefly over Portugal. On April 7, 1831, after a political crisis that ended with the resignation of his ministers and in the middle of an economic crisis, Pedro abdicated the throne of Brazil in favor of his six-year-old son who reigned as Emperor Pedro II of Brazil. Pedro returned to Portugal where he died at the age of 35, from tuberculosis at his birthplace.
Unofficial Royalty: Pedro I, Emperor of Brazil/Pedro IV, King of Portugal
October 12, 1810 Wedding of King Ludwig I of Bavaria and Princess Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen in Munich, Kingdom of Bavaria, now in Bavaria, Germany
In 1809, Therese was included on a list of prospective brides for Napoleon I, Emperor of the French who was looking to marry into one of the old royal houses of Europe. However, it was the future King Ludwig I of Bavaria who would become her husband. The couple met in December 1809 when Ludwig visited Hildburghausen, and then became engaged on February 12, 1810. After prolonged negotiations, primarily due to Therese’s unwillingness to convert to Catholicism, she and her family traveled to Munich, Kingdom of Bavaria, now in the German state of Bavaria, for the marriage. Therese and Ludwig married on October 12, 1810, and celebrations were held for several days at the Theresienwiese in Munich, a large outdoor space named in her honor. The Bavarian royal family invited the citizens of Munich to attend the festivities . Theresienwiese is the site of Oktoberfest, held each year to commemorate the wedding.
Unofficial Royalty: King Ludwig I of Bavaria
Unofficial Royalty: Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen, Queen of Bavaria
Unofficial Royalty: Oktoberfests Royal Connection
October 12, 1837 – Death of Wilhelmine of Prussia, Queen of the Netherlands, wife of King Willem I of the Netherlands, at Noordeinde Palace in The Hague, the Netherlands; buried at Nieuwe Kerk in Delft, the Netherlands
In 1791, Wilhelmine married her first cousin Prince Willem of Orange-Nassau, later King Willem I of the Netherlands, and the couple had four children. Wilhelmine was not successful in her role as Queen. While she still contributed generously to charities, her subjects thought her cold and distant as she only came in contact with family and her court ladies. In the areas that are now modern-day Belgium, Wilhelmine was ridiculed for her old-fashioned German style of dress. In 1820 Wilhelmine’s health worsened and by 1829, she rarely appeared in public. After a trip in the spring of 1837 to a grandsons christening in Berlin, Wilhelmine was beyond exhaustion. She spent the summer at at Het Loo Palace in Apeldoorn, Netherlands. On October 4, 1837, Wilhelmine and her husband traveled to Noordeinde Palace in The Hague. The trip greatly weakened Wilhelmine and once in The Hague, her condition worsened. Queen Wilhelmine died eight days later, at the age of 63, with her family at her bedside.
Unofficial Royalty: Wilhelmine of Prussia, Queen of the Netherlands
October 12, 1876 Birth of Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich of Russia at Tsarskoye Selo, near St. Petersburg, Russia
Kirill was son of Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich (son of Alexander II, Emperor of All Russia) and Duchess Marie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. In 1905, he married his first cousin Victoria Melita of Edinburgh and Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, a granddaughter of Queen Victoria. Because the marriage was not consented to by Nicholas II, Emperor of All Russia, Kirill was stripped of his military appointments and his funding. The couple was banished from Russia and settled in France. By 1908, Kirill was third in line to the Imperial throne, following several deaths within the family. Nicholas II relented and allowed Kirill to return to Russia, restoring both his military positions and his funding. (See below. Kirill died on his 62nd birthday.)
Unofficial Royalty: Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich of Russia
October 12, 1894 – Birth of Elisabeth of Romania, Queen of Greece, wife of King George II of Greece, daughter of King Ferdinand I of Romania, at Peleş Castle in Sinaia, Romania
Full name: Elisabeta Charlotte Josephine Alexandra Victoria
Elisabeth was a great-granddaughter of Queen Victoria through her mother Princess Marie of Edinburgh. In 1921, she married the future King George II of Greece. George and Elisabeth had no children, and would eventually divorce in 1935. After her divorce, Elisabeth petitioned to have her Romanian citizenship restored (she had relinquished it upon her marriage), and through very shrewd investments, as well as the booming Romanian economy, managed to become financially well-off. She devoted much of her time to charity, working with many organizations to help children and those who were ill. At her own expense, she established a hospital and children’s home in Bucharest, Romania.
Unofficial Royalty: Elisabeth of Romania, Queen of Greece
October 12, 1938 Death of Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich of Russia in Neuilly, France; first buried in the Ducal Mausoleum at the Glockenburg Cemetery in Coburg, Germany, in 1995 his remains were moved to the Grand Ducal Mausoleum at the Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg, Russia
Following the abdication of Nicholas II in 1917, Kirill and his family left Russia. They settled first in Finland, before moving on to Munich, Germany, and then Zurich, Switzerland. They settled permanently in Saint-Briac, France, in the mid-1920s. In addition, they had inherited property in Coburg from Victoria Melitas mother. Bolstered by a group of supporters, and the laws of the former Imperial Family (under which Kirill was the rightful heir to the throne), on August 31, 1924, Kirill declared himself Emperor of All the Russias. This claim was later taken by his son Vladimir Kirillovich, and then Vladimir’s daughter Maria Vladimirovna, who has declared herself Head of the Imperial House since 1992.
Unofficial Royalty: Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich of Russia
October 12, 2018 Wedding of Princess Eugenie of York and Jack Brooksbank at St. Georges Chapel, Windsor Castle in Windsor, England
Eugenie and Jack were introduced by mutual friends in Verbier, Switzerland. Eugenie was on holiday and Jack was working there at the time. After seven years together, Jack proposed to Eugenie while on holiday in Nicaragua at the end of 2017.
Unofficial Royalty: Wedding of Princess Eugenie of York and Jack Brooksbank
This article is the intellectual property of Unofficial Royalty and is NOT TO BE COPIED, EDITED, OR POSTED IN ANY FORM ON ANOTHER WEBSITE under any circumstances. It is permissible to use a link that directs to Unofficial Royalty.
Share this:EmailPrintFacebookTwitterby Susan Flantzer
© Unofficial Royalty 2021
The Duchy of Parma was in today’s northwest Italy and came into existence in 1545 when Pope Paul III made his illegitimate son Pier Luigi Farnese the Duke of Parma and Piacenza, territories that previously were a part of the Papal States. The House of Farnese reigned until 1731 when the male line went extinct. The duchy passed to Felipe V, King of Spain from the Spanish House of Bourbon whose second wife Elizabeth Farnese was the Farnese heiress. Felipe V made Carlos, his only son with Elizabeth Farnese, the Duke of Parma. However, in 1738, Felipe V traded the Duchy of Parma to the House of Habsburg-Lorraine for the Kingdom of Naples and Sicily and Carlos became King of Naples and Sicily.
In 1748, the Duchy of Parma was ceded back to the Bourbons. Infante Felipe of Spain became Duke of Parma and was the founder of the House of Bourbon-Parma, a cadet branch of the Spanish House of Bourbon. In 1796, the Duchy of Parma was occupied by French troops under Napoleon Bonaparte. It remained in French hands until the defeat of Napoleon in 1814 when the duchy was given to Napoleon’s second wife, Marie-Louise of Habsburg-Lorraine. She reigned until her death in 1847 when the Duchy of Parma was restored to the House of Bourbon-Parma. In 1859, the Duchy of Parma was abolished during the Italian unification movement. It was merged with the Kingdom of Sardinia as part of the unification of Italy. In 1861, Vittorio Emanuele II, King of Sardinia was proclaimed the first King of the new, united Kingdom of Italy.
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Maria Teresa of Savoy, Duchess of Parma; Credit Wikipedia
Maria Teresa of Savoy was the wife of Carlo II Ludovico, Duke of Parma. Maria Teresa Fernanda Felicitas Gaetana Pia was born on September 19, 1803, at the Palazzo Colonna in Rome, Papal States, now in Italy. She had a twin sister, Maria Anna Ricciarda Carolina Margherita Pia. The twin sisters were the fifth and sixth of the seven children and the fourth and fifth of the six daughters of Vittorio Emanuele I, King of Sardinia and Maria Theresa of Austria-Este. Maria Teresa’s paternal grandparents were Vittorio Amadeo III, King of Sardinia and Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain. Her maternal grandparents were Ferdinand Karl, Archduke of Austria-Este and Maria Beatrice dEste, Duchess of Massa.
Vittorio Emanuele I, Maria Theresa, and their three youngest surviving daughters: twins Maria Teresa and Maria Anna and Maria Cristina; Credit – Wikipedia
Maria Teresa had six siblings. Two of Maria Teresa’s sisters died in infancy and her only brother died at the age of three from smallpox. Maria Teresa and her three surviving sisters all married sovereigns. Children of Kings of Sardinia were often styled “of Savoy” as their fathers were also Dukes of Savoy from the House of Savoy
Maria Beatrice of Savoy (1792 – 1840), married her uncle Francesco IV, Duke of Modena, had four childrenMaria Adelaide of Savoy (1794 – 1795), died in infancyCarlo Emanuele of Savoy (1796 – 1799) died in early childhood from smallpoxA daughter (1800 – 1801), died in infancyMaria Anna of Savoy (1803 – 1884), twin of Maria Teresa, married Ferdinand I, Emperor of Austria, no childrenMaria Cristina of Savoy (1812 – 1836), married Ferdinando II, King of the Two Sicilies, had one son, died due to childbirth complications, in 2014 she was beatified by Pope Francis and is known as Blessed Maria Cristina of SavoyMaria Teresa spent much of her early life on the island of Sardinia. In 1796, before her birth, the French occupied Turin, the capital of the Duchy of Savoy, and forced her uncle Carlo Emanuele IV, King of Sardinia and Duke of Savoy to give up all his territories on the Italian mainland. Carlo Emanuele IV and the rest of the Sardinian royal family withdrew to the island of Sardinia in 1799. When Carlo Emanuele’s beloved wife Marie Clotilde of France died from typhoid fever in 1802, the childless Carlo Emanuele IV was so upset by her death that he decided to abdicate. He left the throne of Sardinia to his brother, Maria Teresa’s father who reigned as Vittorio Emanuele I, King of Sardinia. In 1814, two-thirds of Savoy was restored to the Kingdom of Sardinia following Napoleon’s defeat, and the family was able to return to Turin.
Maria Teresas husband Carlo Ludovico in 1824; Credit Wikipedia
In 1819, Maria Teresa was betrothed to the future Carlo II Ludovico, Duke of Parma. A proxy marriage was held on August 15, 1820, at the Villa Reale in Turin with the groom being represented by Maria Teresa’s paternal uncle Carlo Felice, then the Duke of Genoa, later King of Sardinia. Soon Maria Teresa left for Viareggio, Duchy of Lucca, now in Italy. There she met Carlo Ludovico and married him at the court of his mother Maria Luisa of Spain, Duchess of Lucca in her own right. Carlo Ludovico’s father Ludovico of Parma (King of Etruria from 1801 – 1803) had died at the age of 29 in 1803.
Carlo Ludovico and Maria Teresa had two children:
Luisa Francesca (1821 – 1823), died in early childhoodCarlos III, Duke of Parma (1823 – 1854), married Louise Marie Thérèse of France, had four children, assassinatedThe marriage was a mismatch. Maria Teresa was very religious and a secular member of the Dominican Order. Carlo Ludovico lived for his own pleasure and preferred entertainment and travel to praying. In 1824, Carlo Ludovico’s mother died and he became the reigning Duke of Lucca. However, he had no interest in reigning. He left the Duchy of Lucca in the hands of his government ministers and instead traveled around Europe. The seemingly endless travels all over Europe with her husband shattered Maria Teresa’s nervous system. In 1833, she stopped accompanying Carlo Ludovico on his travels.
Eventually, Maria Teresa left the Duchy of Lucca court, first settling at the Villa Marlia in the Duchy of Lucca and then at the Villa delle Pianore (link in Italian) also in the Duchy of Lucca, which became a favorite of future members of the House of Bourbon-Parma. Maria Teresa’s grandson Roberto I, the last Duke of Parma enlarged the villa, and his daughter Zita of Bourbon-Parma, the wife of Karl I, the last Emperor of Austria, was born there. Maria Teresa surrounded herself with priests and nuns and dedicated her life to religion. After 1840 she lived in complete religious seclusion.
In 1847, Carlo Ludovico ceded the Duchy of Lucca to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany for financial compensation. Two months later, in December 1847, at the death of Napoleon’s second wife Marie-Louise of Austria, Duchess of Parma, he succeeded her as the reigning Duke of Parma according to the stipulations of the 1815 Congress of Vienna. However, the reign of Carlo II Ludovico, Duke of Parma was short. He was very unpopular with the citizens of Parma, and within a few months, he was ousted by a revolution. Carlo Ludovico regained control of Parma with the help of Austrian troops but finally abdicated in favor of his son Carlo III, Duke of Parma on March 14, 1849.
Maria Teresas son Carlo III, Duke of Parma, circa 1852; Credit Wikipedia
Maria Teresa’s son Carlo III, Duke of Parma reigned only five years. He was assassinated on March 27, 1854, due to his authoritarian policies. He was succeeded by his six-year-old son Roberto I, Duke of Parma with his mother Louise Marie Thérèse of France acting as regent. Roberto reigned for only five years. In 1859, the Duchy of Parma was abolished during the Italian unification movement. It was merged with the Kingdom of Sardinia as part of the unification of Italy. In 1861, Vittorio Emanuele II, King of Sardinia was proclaimed the first King of the new, united Kingdom of Italy.
Villa Borbone; Credit Di I, Sailko, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=27517303
After the assassination of her son, Maria Teresa lived at the Villa Borbone (link in Italian) in Viareggio, Grand Duchy of Tuscany, after 1861 in the Kingdom of Italy. Here she had a chapel built as a burial place for her assassinated son Carlo III, Duke of Parma.
Tenuta Maria Teresa (Villa Maria Teresa); Credit Di Sailko Opera propria, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=63147242
Maria Teresa’s final residence was the Tenuta Maria Teresa (Villa Maria Teresa) link in Italian) which was built for her by the Italian architect by Lorenzo Nottolini in San Martino, Vignale in the hills, just north of Lucca in Italy. It is still called Tenuta Maria Teresa in her honor and is now a winery. There Maria Teresa led a very secluded life. She never left the villa and her only visitors were her confessor and the administrator of the property. The local citizens gave her the nickname “sepolta viva” (buried alive). During the last years of her life, Maria Teresa suffered from progressive atherosclerosis of the cerebral blood vessels.
Chapel of the Dominican Order at the Verano Cemetery in Rome; Credit By Fczarnowski Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=29347833
Maria Teresa of Savoy died on July 16, 1879, aged 75, at the Tenuta Villa Maria. Her funeral was held on July 23, 1879, at Saint Romano Church in Lucca, Italy. Her body, dressed in a Dominican nun’s habit, was taken by train to Rome, Italy where it was buried in the Chapel of the Dominican Order at the Verano Cemetery. Maria Teresa’s husband survived his wife by nearly three years, dying in Nice, France on April 16, 1883, at the age of 83. He was buried at the Chapel of the Villa Borbone (link in Italian) in Viareggio, Italy where his assassinated son was buried and where many subsequent members of the House of Bourbon-Parma were buried.
This article is the intellectual property of Unofficial Royalty and is NOT TO BE COPIED, EDITED, OR POSTED IN ANY FORM ON ANOTHER WEBSITE under any circumstances. It is permissible to use a link that directs to Unofficial Royalty.
Works Cited
Almanachdegotha.org. 2021. Duchy of Parma – House of Bourbon-Parma. [online] Available at: http://www.almanachdegotha.org/id29.html [Accessed 11 October 2021].En.wikipedia.org. 2021. Maria Teresa of Savoy (1803–1879) Wikipedia. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Teresa_of_Savoy_(1803%E2%80%931879) [Accessed 11 October 2021].Flantzer, Susan, 2021. Carlo II Ludovico, Duke of Parma. [online] Unofficial Royalty. Available at: http://www.unofficialroyalty.com/carlo-ii-ludovico-duke-of-parma/ [Accessed 11 October 2021].Flantzer, Susan, 2021. Vittorio Emanuele I, King of Sardinia and Duke of Savoy. [online] Unofficial Royalty. Available at: http://www.unofficialroyalty.com/vittorio-emanuele-i-king-of-sardinia-and-duke-of-savoy/ [Accessed 11 October 2021].It.wikipedia.org. 2021. Maria Teresa di Savoia (1803-1879) Wikipedia. [online] Available at: https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Teresa_di_Savoia_(1803-1879) [Accessed 11 October 2021].Louda, Jiri and MacLagan, Michael, 2002. Lines of Succession. New York: Barnes and Noble.Ru.wikipedia.org. 2021. Мария Тереза Савойская (1803—1879) — Википедия. [online] Available at: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_(1803%E2%80%941879) [Accessed 11 October 2021].Share this:EmailPrintFacebookTwitterRoyal News Recaps are published Mondays-Fridays and on Sundays, except for Thanksgiving in the United States, Christmas Eve and New Year’s Eve. The Royal News Recap for Sundays will be a weekend recap. If there is any breaking or major news, we will add an update as necessary.
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Share this:EmailPrintFacebookTwitterby Susan Flantzer
© Unofficial Royalty 2021
The Duchy of Parma was in today’s northwest Italy and came into existence in 1545 when Pope Paul III made his illegitimate son Pier Luigi Farnese the Duke of Parma and Piacenza, territories that previously were a part of the Papal States. The House of Farnese reigned until 1731 when the male line went extinct. The duchy passed to Felipe V, King of Spain from the Spanish House of Bourbon whose second wife Elizabeth Farnese was the Farnese heiress. Felipe V made Carlos, his only son with Elizabeth Farnese, the Duke of Parma. However, in 1738, Felipe V traded the Duchy of Parma to the House of Habsburg-Lorraine for the Kingdom of Naples and Sicily and Carlos became King of Naples and Sicily.
In 1748, the Duchy of Parma was ceded back to the Bourbons. Infante Felipe of Spain became Duke of Parma and was the founder of the House of Bourbon-Parma, a cadet branch of the Spanish House of Bourbon. In 1796, the Duchy of Parma was occupied by French troops under Napoleon Bonaparte. It remained in French hands until the defeat of Napoleon in 1814 when the duchy was given to Napoleons second wife, Marie-Louise of Habsburg-Lorraine. She reigned until her death in 1847 when the Duchy of Parma was restored to the House of Bourbon-Parma. In 1859, the Duchy of Parma was abolished during the Italian unification movement. It was merged with the Kingdom of Sardinia as part of the unification of Italy. In 1861, Vittorio Emanuele II, King of Sardinia was proclaimed the first King of the new, united Kingdom of Italy.
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Carlo II, Ludovico, Duke of Parma; Credit Wikipedia
Carlo Ludovico was King of Etruria (1803 1807), Duke of Lucca (1824 1847) and Duke of Parma (1847 1849). Carlo Ludovico Ferdinando was born on December 22, 1799, at the Royal Palace of Madrid in Spain. He was the elder of the two children and the only son of Ludovico of Parma (King of Etruria from 1801 1803) and Maria Luisa of Spain, Duchess of Lucca in her own right. Carlo Ludovico’s paternal grandparents were Ferdinando, Duke of Parma and Maria Amalia of Austria. His maternal grandparents were Carlos IV, King of Spain and Maria Luisa of Austria.
Carlo Ludovico with his parents and younger sister; Credit Wikipedia
Carlo Ludovico had one younger sister:
Luisa Carlota of Parma (1802 1857) married Hereditary Prince Maximilian of Saxony, no childrenCarlo Ludovico’s parents married in 1795 and stayed in Spain during the early years of their marriage. In 1796, the Duchy of Parma was occupied by French troops. Napoleon Bonaparte wanted to gain Spain as an ally against Great Britain, and so he proposed to compensate the Spanish House of Bourbon for their loss of the Duchy of Parma with the Kingdom of Etruria, a new state that he created from part of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. Carlo Ludovico’s father Ludovico was invested as King of Etruria in 1801 and the family moved to Florence, the capital of the Kingdom of Etruria.
However, Ludovicos reign as King of Etruria did not last long. In ill health since his childhood, 29-year-old Ludovico died in 1803. He was succeeded by his three-year-old son Carlo Ludovico as King Ludovico II of Etruria, under the regency of his mother Maria Luisa. In 1807, Napoleon dissolved the Kingdom of Etruria. Carlo Ludovico, his mother, and his sister returned to Spain. Shortly after their arrival, Napoleon ordered all members of the Spanish royal family to be brought to France and placed under house arrest. Napoleon then created his brother Joseph Bonaparte King of Spain.
After the fall of Napoleon in 1814, the Duchy of Parma was not returned to the Bourbon-Parma family. Instead, the Congress of Vienna gave it to Napoleon’s second wife Marie-Louise of Austria. The Congress of Vienna compensated Maria Luisa and her son Carlo Ludovico with the smaller Duchy of Lucca, which was carved out of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. However, Maria Luisa refused this compromise for more than two years. Finally, in 1817, Maria Luisa accepted the compromise. Upon the death of Marie-Louise of Austria, the Duchy of Parma would revert to Carlo Ludovico and the House of Bourbon-Parma. Maria Luisa became Duchess of Lucca in her own right and Carlo Ludovico would succeed to the Duchy of Lucca upon her death. However, the Duchy of Lucca would be annexed to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany when the Bourbon-Parma family regained possession of the Duchy of Parma.
Maria Teresa of Savoy, wife of Carlo II Ludovico, Duke of Parma; Credit Wikipedia
On September 5, 1820, Carlo Ludovico married Maria Teresa of Savoy, one of the twin daughters of King Vittorio Emanuele I of Sardinia and Maria Teresa of Austria-Este. The marriage was a mismatch. Maria Teresa was very religious and Carlo Ludovico lived for his own pleasure. The couple lived apart during most of their marriage.
Carlo Ludovico and Maria Teresa had two children:
Luisa Francesca (1821 1823), died in early childhoodCarlos III, Duke of Parma (1823 1854), married Louise Marie Thérèse of France, had four children, assassinatedCarlo Ludovico as Duke of Lucca in 1824; Credit Wikipedia
In 1824, Carlo Ludovico’s mother died and he became the reigning Duke of Lucca. However, he had no interest in reigning. He left the Duchy of Lucca in the hands of his government ministers and instead traveled around Europe. In 1847, Carlo Ludovico ceded the Duchy of Lucca to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany for financial compensation. Two months later, in December 1847, at the death of Napoleon’s second wife Marie-Louise of Austria, Duchess of Parma, he succeeded her as the reigning Duke of Parma according to the stipulations of the Congress of Vienna. However, the reign of Carlo II Ludovico, Duke of Parma was short. He was very unpopular with the citizens of Parma, and within a few months, he was ousted by a revolution. Carlo Ludovico regained control of Parma with the help of Austrian troops but finally abdicated in favor of his son Carlo III, Duke of Parma on March 14, 1849.
Carlo Ludovico, circa 1850; Credit Wikipedia
After his abdication, Carlo Ludovico lived at Weistropp Castle (link in German), a castle he had purchased in Klipphausen, Kingdom of Saxony, now in the German state of Saxony. He also spent time in Paris, France, and Nice, France. His only son and successor Carlo III, Duke of Parma was assassinated on March 27, 1854, due to his authoritarian policies. He was succeeded by his six-year-old son Roberto I, Duke of Parma with his mother Louise Marie Thérèse of France acting as regent. Roberto reigned for only five years. In 1859, the Duchy of Parma was abolished during the Italian unification movement. It was merged with the Kingdom of Sardinia as part of the unification of Italy. In 1861, Vittorio Emanuele II, King of Sardinia was proclaimed the first King of the new, united Kingdom of Italy.
Chapel of the Villa Borbone in Viareggio, Italy; Credit Di I, Sailko, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=27517360
Carlo Ludovico’s wife Maria Teresa of Savoy had lived in religious seclusion. She died on July 16, 1879, aged 75, at her villa in San Martino, Vignale, Italy, and was buried in the Chapel of the Dominican Order at the Verano Cemetery in Rome, Italy. Carlo Ludovico survived his wife by nearly three years, dying in Nice, France on April 16, 1883, at the age of 83. He was buried at the burial site of the House of Bourbon-Parma, the Chapel of the Villa Borbone (link in Italian) in Viareggio, Italy. The chapel was built in 1849 by Carlo Ludovico’s wife Maria Teresa in memory of their assassinated son Carlo III, Duke of Parma.
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Works Cited
Almanachdegotha.org. 2021. Duchy of Parma House of Bourbon-Parma. [online] Available at: http://www.almanachdegotha.org/id29.html [Accessed 11 October 2021].En.wikipedia.org. 2021. Charles II, Duke of Parma Wikipedia. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_II,_Duke_of_Parma [Accessed 11 October 2021].En.wikipedia.org. 2021. Duchy of Parma Wikipedia. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchy_of_Parma [Accessed 11 October 2021].En.wikipedia.org. 2021. Maria Luisa, Duchess of Lucca Wikipedia. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Louisa,_Duchess_of_Lucca [Accessed 11 October 2021].It.wikipedia.org. 2021. Carlo II di Parma Wikipedia. [online] Available at: https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_II_di_Parma [Accessed 11 October 2021].Louda, Jiri and MacLagan, Michael, 2002. Lines of Succession. New York: Barnes and Noble.Share this:EmailPrintFacebookTwitter© Unofficial Royalty 2021
Josephine-Charlotte of Belgium, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg; Credit Wikipedia
October 11, 1159 Death of William of Blois, Count of Boulogne, son of King Stephen of England, at Toulouse, France; buried at the Hospital of Montmorillon in Poitou, France
Wikipedia: William of Blois, Count of Boulogne
October 11, 1671 Birth of King Frederik IV of Denmark and Norway at Christiansborg Palace in Copenhagen, Denmark
In 1695, Frederik married Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow. They had four sons and one daughter. Sadly, three sons died in infancy. Frederik made two bigamous marriages to his mistresses. The adultery and bigamy of Frederik IV and the effect it had upon Queen Louise deeply affected and disturbed their son Crown Prince Christian, the future Christian VI. Christian distanced himself from his father and he came to detest his fathers bigamous wives. After the death of Queen Louise in 1721, Frederik and Anna Sophie Reventlow were married in a second formal wedding conducted with great ceremony. Although the marriage was still scandalous, it was not declared morganatic and Anna Sophie was crowned Queen. Anna Sophie and Frederick IV had six children. Three were born before the legal marriage in 1721 but none survived. This was seen by many as divine punishment for their bigamy. The three children born after the 1721 marriage were styled as Prince/Princess of Denmark but none of them survived infancy either.
Unofficial Royalty: King Frederik IV of Denmark and Norway
October 11, 1721 – Death of Prince Anton Florian of Liechtenstein in Vienna, Austria; buried at the Liechtenstein Crypt in Vranov near Brno, Czech Republic
Wikipedia: Prince Anton Florian of Liechtenstein
October 11, 1739 Birth of Prince Grigory Alexandrovich Potemkin, lover of Catherine II (the Great), Empress of All Russia, in the village of Chizhovo near Smolensk, Russia
Grigory and Catherine had known each other since 1762 but their sexual relationship began in the spring of 1774 when Grigory was 34 and Catherine was 44. Grigory and Catherine worked out a new relationship that preserved their affection toward each other and their political collaborations but allowed each of them to choose other sexual partners. That relationship lasted until Grigoryi died. He is considered Catherine’s great love. Trivia: The term Potemkin Village derives from Grigory Potemkin. It has come to mean, especially in a political context, any hollow or false construct, physical or figurative, meant to hide an undesirable or potentially damaging situation. The term comes from stories of a fake portable village built solely to impress Catherine II (the Great), Empress of All Russia, by Grigory Potemkin, during her journey to the Crimea in 1787.
Unofficial Royalty: Prince Grigory Alexandrovich Potemkin, lover of Catherine II (the Great), Empress of All Russia
October 11, 1753 Birth of Hereditary Prince Frederik of Denmark, son of King Frederick V of Denmark and his second wife, Juliana Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, at Christiansborg Palace in Copenhagen, Denmark
After the death of his father King Frederik V, Frederiks half-brother from his fathers first marriage King Christian VII succeeded to the throne. Christian VII had many symptoms of mental illness. Frederik and his mother Juliana Maria were instrumental in a coup that would bring about the fall of Christian VII’s physician Johann Friedrich Struensee and discredit Christian’s wife Caroline Matilda of Wales who was having an affair with Struensee. They arranged for King Christian VII to sign the arrest warrant of Struensee after they had already made the arrest in the name of the king. Struensee was executed and Caroline Matilda was exiled. After the fall of Struensee, Juliana Maria and her son Frederik took charge of the Council of State. Christian VII was only nominally king from 1772 onward.
Unofficial Royalty: Hereditary Prince Frederik of Denmark
October 11, 1850 – Death of Louise-Marie of Orleans, Queen of the Belgians, wife of King Leopold I of the Belgians, at Ostend, Belgium; buried at the Royal Crypt in the Church of Our Lady in Laeken, Brussels, Belgium
Louise-Marie was the eldest daughter and second child of Louis-Philippe I, King of the French and Maria Amalia of the Two Sicilies. Among her ancestors are the Kings of France, Spain, Poland, Sicily and Naples, and Holy Roman Emperors. Marie Antoinette, Queen of France was her mother’s aunt. In 1831, Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, uncle of both Queen Victoria and her husband Prince Albert, became the first King of the Belgians. Leopold had to marry again to provide for the Belgian succession and his choice was Louise-Marie. The couple had four children. In August 1850, during a memorial service for Louise-Marie’s father, it was noticed that Louise-Marie had difficulty walking and needed support from her husband to prevent her from falling. A month later, suffering from tuberculosis and feeling increasingly weak, she moved to Ostend, Belgium on the sea. Surrounded by her mother, her husband, and her children, Louise-Marie died at the age of 38.
Unofficial Royalty: Louise-Marie of Orlean, Queen of the Belgians
October 11, 1861 Death of Elizabeth Conyngham, Marchioness Conyngham, mistress of King George IV of the United Kingdom, at the family estate Bifrons in Patrixbourne, Kent, England; buried at St. Mary’s Church in Patrixbourne, Kent, England
Elizabeth Conyngham, Marchioness Conyngham was the last mistress of King George IV of the United Kingdom, from 1820 until the King’s death in 1830. George IV was so devoted to her that he bequeathed her all of his plate and jewels, although she refused them when he died. He also provided housing at Windsor Castle and at the Brighton Pavilion for Elizabeth and her family and ensured that they traveled with him when he moved from one residence to the other. She was given full use of the King’s horses and carriages, and most of the large dinners held at her London townhouse were prepared in the kitchens of St. James’s Palace. To George IV, nothing was ‘off limits’ for his beloved Elizabeth. However, it would all come to an end when George IV died at Windsor Castle in 1839. By the following day, Elizabeth had packed her belongings and left Windsor for her brother’s home before traveling to Paris, reportedly expelled from the country by the new King William IV. Elizabeth remained in Paris until the death of William IV in 1837. She returned to the family’s Bifrons estate in the village of Patrixbourne, near Canterbury, where she lived the remainder of her life.
Unofficial Royalty: Elizabeth Conyngham, Marchioness Conyngham, mistress of King George IV of the United Kingdom
October 11, 1916 – Death of King Otto I of Bavaria at Schloss Fürstenried in Munich, Kingdom of Bavaria, now in Bavaria, Germany; buried at St. Michaels Church in Munich
Like his brother King Ludwig II of Bavaria, Otto was also mentally ill. After Ludwig and his doctor were found dead in a lake, Otto became King of Bavaria. However, because of his incapacity, Otto probably never understood that he had become king. His uncle Prince Luitpold who had been Regent of Bavaria during Ludwig IIs reign remained Regent during Ottos reign. Otto remained in isolation at Fürstenried Palace for the rest of his life. When Prince Luitpold died in 1912, he was succeeded by his own son Ludwig as Regent. The following year, Ludwig had the Bavarian constitution amended to allow for King Otto to be formally deposed. In 1913, Otto was formally deposed and replaced by his cousin who took the throne as King Ludwig III. Otto died three years later, aged 68, as the result of a bowel obstruction.
Unofficial Royalty: King Otto I of Bavaria
October 11, 1927 Birth of Josephine-Charlotte of Belgium, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg, wife of Grand Duke Jean of Luxembourg, at the Royal Palace in Brussels, Belgium
Full name: Josephine-Charlotte Ingeborg Elisabeth Marie-José Marguerite Astrid
Joséphine-Charlotte was the eldest child and only daughter of Leopold III, King of the Belgians and Princess Astrid of Sweden. Her two younger brothers Baudouin and Albert II were both Kings of the Belgians. In 1953, Joséphine-Charlotte married Hereditary Grand Duke Jean of Luxembourg, the eldest child of Grand Duchess Charlotte of Luxembourg and Prince Felix of Bourbon-Parma. The couple had five children including Henri, the current Grand Duke of Luxembourg. In 1964, Grand Duchess Charlotte abdicated, and Jean and Joséphine-Charlotte became the new Grand Duke and Grand Duchess of Luxembourg.
Unofficial Royalty: Josephine-Charlotte of Belgium, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg
October 11, 1954 Birth of Haitham bin Tariq Al Said, Sultan of Oman, in Muscat, then in the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman, now in the Sultanate of Oman
On January 11, 2020, the day after the death of Haitham’s first cousin Sultan Qaboos of Oman, Haitham was named as Sultan of Oman after a sealed letter from Qaboos was opened identifying whom he wished to take his place. On the same day, Haitham was sworn in as the Sultan of Oman during an emergency session of the Council of Oman at the Al-Bustan Palace in Muscat, Oman.
Unofficial Royalty: Haitham bin Tariq Al Said, Sultan of Oman
October 11, 1963 – Birth of Prince Feisal bin Al Hussein of Jordan, son of King Hussein I of Jordan and his second wife Princess Muna Al Hussein(the former Antoinette Gardiner), in Amman, Jordan
Prince Feisal is the younger brother of King Abdullah II of Jordan. In addition to his military duties with the Jordanian Air Force, Feisal has been President of the Jordan Olympic Committee since 2003, Founder and Chairman of Generations for Peace since 2007, and a Member of the International Olympic Committee since 2010.
Unofficial Royalty: Prince Feisal bin Al Hussein
October 11, 1969 Birth of Prince Constantijn of the Netherlands, son of Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands, at Utrecht University Hospital in Utrecht, the Netherlands
Full name: Constantijn Christof Frederick Aschwin
Constantijn is the youngest of the three sons of the former Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands. His eldest brother King Willem-Alexander is the current King of the Netherlands. Constantijn married Petra Laurentien Brinkhorst in 2001 and had two daughters and one son. He does not undertake many official duties for the Dutch monarchy. However, as a member of the Dutch Royal House, he and his wife are typically in attendance at major events, such as King’s Day and the annual Opening of Parliament.
Unofficial Royalty: Prince Constantijn of the Netherlands
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Daily Mail: Prince Albert makes ANOTHER solo appearance as he unveils bust of Empress Eugenie in Monaco after Princess Charlene underwent her final surgery in South AfricaUnited Kingdom
Daily Beast: ‘Total D*ckhead’: Royal Sources Dump All Over Prince AndrewDaily Mail: Royals close door on Andrew: Charles, Edward and Anne block his return to public life as William brands him a threat to the Firm and Scotland Yard quiz Virginia Giuffre over claims he raped and sexually assaulted her when she was 17Daily Mail: ROYAL UPDATE: Harry and Meghan cozy up to a mega-rich LA magnate, the Queen ponies up the cash for Andrews mounting legal bills, a royal phone-tapping scandal growsDaily Mail: Queen, 95, worships in public for first time since Covid pandemic struck as royals close door on Andrew and Scotland Yard quiz Virginia Giuffre over claims he raped and sexually assaulted her at 17Daily Mail: Prince Harry is NOT expected to return to Britain next week to join his brother Prince William at a party at Kensington Palace to honour their mother Princess DianaDaily Mail: Setback for Camilla as the Duchess of Cornwalls most trusted aide has quit after 25 yearsDaily Mail: Met Police DROPS investigation into Prince Andrew and Jeffrey Epstein committing alleged sex crimes in London, force revealsDaily Mail: Prince William shares a light-hearted moment with former X Factor host Dermot OLeary and Radio 1 presenter Clara Amfo ahead of climax of his £1m Earthshot PrizeDaily Mail: How the Queen keeps Prince Philip close to her heart: Monarch wore a floral brooch she received as a wedding gift for first major engagement at Buckingham Palace since Dukes deathGuardian: UK police reportedly speak to Prince Andrew accuser Virginia GiuffrePress Association: Swords clash and horses charge for re-enactment of Battle of Hastings
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Share this:EmailPrintFacebookTwitterHaitham bin Tariq Al Said, Sultan of Oman; Credit Wikipedia
66th birthday of Haitham bin Tariq Al Said, Sultan of Oman, in Muscat, then in the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman, now in the Sultanate of Oman, on October 11, 1955
Unofficial Royalty: Haitham bin Tariq Al Said, Sultan of Oman
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Prince Faisal of Jordan, Photo Credit Wikipedia
58th birthday of Prince Faisal bin Al Hussein, son of King Hussein I of Jordan and his second wife Princess Muna Al Hussein; born in Amman, Jordan on October 11, 1963
Unofficial Royalty: Prince Faisal bin Al Hussein
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#169846605 / gettyimages.com52nd birthday of Prince Constantijn of the Netherlands, son of Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands; born in Utrecht, the Netherlands on October 11, 1969
Full name: Constantijn Christof Frederick Aschwin
Unofficial Royalty: Prince Constantijn of the Netherlands
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3rd wedding anniversary of Princess Eugenie of York and Jack Brooksbank; married at St. Georges Chapel, Windsor Castle in Windsor, England on October 12, 2018
Unofficial Royalty: Wedding of Princess Eugenie and Jack Brooksbank
Unofficial Royalty: Princess Eugenie of York
Unofficial Royalty: Jack Brooksbank
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Credit Zimbio
10th wedding anniversary of King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck of Bhutan and Jetsun Pema; married at the Royal Palace, Punakha Dzong, in Punakha, Bhutan on October 13, 2011
Unofficial Royalty: King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck
Unofficial Royalty: Jetsun Pema, Queen of Bhutan
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62nd birthday of Sarah, Duchess of York, former wife of Prince Andrew, Duke of York; born Sarah Ferguson at 27 Welbeck Street in Marylebone, London, England on October 15, 1959
Full name: Sarah Margaret
Unofficial Royalty: Sarah, Duchess of York
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16th birthday of Prince Christian of Denmark, son of Crown Prince Frederik of Denmark; born at the Rigshospitalet in Copenhagen, Denmark on October 15, 2005
Full name: Christian Valdemar Henri John
Unofficial Royalty: Prince Christian of Denmark
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Juliana Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Queen of Denmark; Credit Wikipedia
October 10, 1344 Birth of Mary of Waltham, daughter of King Edward III of England in Waltham, Hampshire, England
Wikipedia: Mary of Waltham
October 10, 1361 Wedding of Edward, Prince of Wales (Black Prince), son of King Edward III of England, and Joan, 4th Countess of Kent at Windsor Castle
Joan was the daughter of Edmund of Woodstock, son of King Edward I of England. She was a widow for less than a year before she married Edward, Prince of Wales (the Black Prince), her first cousin once removed and the son and heir of King Edward III of England. Through her second marriage, Joan became the very first Princess of Wales. In 1362, Edward was invested as Prince of Aquitaine, a region of France that belonged to the English crown since the marriage of Eleanor, Duchess of Aquitaine and King Henry II. Joan and Edward then moved to Bordeaux, the capital of Aquitaine, where they spent the next nine years. Both of their sons were born in France but only the future King Richard II of England survived childhood.
Unofficial Royalty: Edward of Woodstock, Prince of Wales (The Black Prince)
Unofficial Royalty: Joan of Kent, 4th Countess of Kent, Princess of Wales
October 10, 1741 – Birth of Carl II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz at Mirow Castle in Mirow, Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, now in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
Full name: Carl Ludwig Friedrich
Carl was the brother of Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz who married King George III of the United Kingdom. In 1794, Carl became the Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz upon the death of his brother Adolf Friedrich IV. In 1815, the Congress of Vienna recognized Mecklenburg-Strelitz as a grand duchy. Carl II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz became the first Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. Carl married Friederike of Hesse-Darmstadt who died due to childbirth complications giving birth to her tenth child. Two years later, Carl married Friederike’s younger sister, Charlotte who also died due to childbirth complications shortly after giving birth to their only child.
Unofficial Royalty: Carl II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
October 10, 1796 Death of Juliana Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Queen of Denmark, second wife of King Frederik V of Denmark, in Fredensborg Palace in Denmark; buried at Roskilde Cathedral in Denmark
In 1752, Juliana Maria married Frederik V six months after the death of his first wife Louisa of Great Britain. The couple had one son. After the death of Frederik V, he was succeeded by his son from his first marriage King Christian VII who had many symptoms of mental illness. Juliana Maria was instrumental in a coup that would bring about the fall of Christian VIIs physician Johann Friedrich Struensee and discredit Christians wife Caroline Matilda of Wales who was having an affair with Struensee. Juliana Maria arranged for King Christian VII to sign the arrest warrant of Struensee after she had already made the arrest in the name of the king. Struensee was executed and Caroline Matilda was exiled. After the fall of Struensee, Juliana Maria and her son, Christian VII’s half-brother Hereditary Prince Frederik, took charge of the Council of State. Christian VII was only nominally king from 1772 onward.
Unofficial Royalty: Juliana Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Queen of Denmark
October 10, 1830 Birth of Queen Isabella II of Spain at the Royal Palace in Madrid, Spain
Full name: María Isabel Luisa
Isabellas father Ferdinand VII died in 1833, and she succeeded to the throne, not quite three years old. Isabella married her double first cousin Infante Francisco de Asís de Borbón, Duke of Cadiz. Her marriage was not happy and there were rumors that few, if any, of her children, were fathered by her husband. Isabella had nine children, but only five reached adulthood. Her only surviving son was King Alfonso XII of Spain, who is the great-great-grandfather of the current Spanish monarch, King Felipe VI. Isabella’s authoritarianism, her religious fanaticism, her alliance with the military and the chaos of her reign — sixty different governments — helped bring about the Revolution of 1868 that exiled her to Paris. The new government replaced Isabella with Amadeo I, the second son of King Victor Emmanuel II of Italy. During Amadeo’s reign, there were many republican uprisings and he abdicated in 1873 and returned to Italy. The First Spanish Republic was declared, but it lasted a little less than two years. Isabella had officially abdicated in 1870 and after the First Spanish Republic collapsed, her son Alfonso XII became king.
Unofficial Royalty: Queen Isabella II of Spain
October 10, 1846 Birth of Georg, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe at Schloss Bückeburg, in Bückeburg, Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe, now in North-Rhine Westphalia, Germany
Full name: Stephan Albrecht Georg
In 1882, Georg married Princess Marie Anna of Saxe-Altenburg, who was eighteen years younger than him. The couple had nine children. Before he succeeded to the throne, Georg had a career in the Prussian Army. Upon the death of his father on May 8, 1893, Georg became the reigning Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe.
Unofficial Royalty: Georg, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe
October 10, 1903 – Birth of Prince Charles of Belgium, Prince Regent of Belgium, at the Palace of the Marquis dAssche in Brussels, Belgium
Full name: Charles-Théodore Henri Antoine Meinrad
Charles was the younger brother of Leopold III, King of the Belgians. When Belgium was occupied by Germany during World War II, Leopold III surrendered and was held under house arrest at the Palace of Laeken. After the liberation of Belgium, the Belgian Parliament appointed Charles as Prince Regent. During his Regency, Charles worked to restore Belgium after the war, helping to establish financial aid and grants for the restoration of properties damaged or destroyed. Charles remained Prince Regent of Belgium until a 1950 referendum returned Leopold III to the throne.
Unofficial Royalty: Prince Charles of Belgium Count of Flanders, Prince Regent of Belgium
October 10, 1914 Death of King Carol I of Romania at Sinaia, Romania; buried at the Curtea de Arges Monastery in Romania
Born Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, he was elected by the Romanian government to become the new Ruling Prince in 1866 after Ruling Prince Alexander Ioan Cuza was forced to abdicate. He took on the more Romanian spelling of his name – Carol. In 1881, the Romanian parliament declared Romania a Kingdom, and he became King Carol I. He married Princess Elisabeth of Wied and they had one daughter who died in childhood from scarlet fever. After a reign of 48 years, Carol I died at the age of 75 and was succeeded by his nephew, King Ferdinand I, the second son of his elder brother Leopold.
Unofficial Royalty: King Carol I of Romania
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The Duchy of Modena and Reggio was a small northwestern Italian state that existed from 1452 to 1859, except during the Napoleonic Wars (1796 – 1814). The House of Este ruled the duchy from 1452 – 1796, and then the House of Austria-Este ruled from 1814 – 1859. In 1796, Modena was occupied by a French army under Napoleon Bonaparte, who deposed Ercole III d’Este, Duke of Modena and Reggio, and added the duchy to the French Empire. Ercole III died in exile in 1803.
Ercole III’s only surviving child of Maria Beatrice d’Este, the heiress of Modena and Reggio married Archduke Ferdinand Karl of Austria, son of Francis Stephen, Duke of Lorraine, Grand Duke of Tuscany, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Theresa, in her own right Archduchess of Austria, and Queen of Hungary, Croatia, and Bohemia. The son of Maria Beatrice and Ferdinand Karl regained the Duchy of Modena and Reggio as Francesco IV in 1814, after the fall of Napoleon Bonaparte.
The Duchy of Modena and Reggio was abolished during the Italian unification movement. It was annexed to the Kingdom of Sardinia in 1860. In 1861, Vittorio Emanuele II, King of Sardinia was proclaimed the first King of the new, united Kingdom of Italy.
Below is an indexed listing with links to biographical articles about the Modena royal family at Unofficial Royalty. If it says “Notable Issue” before a name, that means not all of the children for the parent of that person are listed.
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Adelgunde of Bavaria, Duchess of Modena and Reggio; Credit Wikipedia
Adelgunde of Bavaria was the wife of Francesco V, the last Duke of Modena and Reggio. Adelgunde Auguste Charlotte Caroline Elisabeth Amalie Marie Sophie Luise was born on March 19, 1823, at the Würzburger Residenz, a palace in Würzburg, Kingdom of Bavaria, now in the German state of Bavaria. She was the sixth of the nine children and the third of the five daughters of Ludwig I, King of Bavaria and Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen. Adelgunde’s paternal grandparents were King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria and his first wife Augusta Wilhelmine of Hesse-Darmstadt. Her maternal grandparents were Friedrich, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen (later Duke of Saxe-Altenburg) and Duchess Charlotte Georgine of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.
Adelgunde and her family, Adelgunde is on the left next to her mother and the painting; Credit Di Baranzoni Angela Opera propria, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=107172103
Adelgunde had eight siblings:
Maximilian II, King of Bavaria (1811-1864), married Princess Marie of Prussia, had two sons, King Ludwig II and King OttoPrincess Mathilde Caroline of Bavaria (1813 1862), married Ludwig III, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine, no childrenPrince Otto of Bavaria, later King Otto I of Greece (1815 1867), married Duchess Amalie of Oldenburg, no childrenPrincess Theodelinde of Bavaria (1816 1817), died in infancyLuitpold, Prince Regent of Bavaria (1821 1912), married Archduchess Auguste of Austria, had four children including King Ludwig IIIPrincess Hildegard of Bavaria (1825 1864), married Archduke Albert of Austria, had three childrenPrincess Alexandra of Bavaria (1826 -1875), unmarriedPrince Adalbert of Bavaria (1828 -1875), married Infanta Amelia Philippina of Spain, had five childrenAdelgundes husband Francesco, circa 1845 1850; Credit Wikipedia
Adelgunde first met her future husband Francesco, then heir to the Duchy of Modena and Reggio, in 1839 when his parents Francesco IV, Duke of Modena and Reggio and his wife and niece Maria Beatrice of Savoy visited the Kingdom of Bavaria. On March 30, 1842, 19-year-old Adelgunde married 23-year-old Francesco at the Allerheiligen-Hofkirche (Court Church of All Saints), a church in the Munich Residenz, the royal palace of the Bavarian royal family in Munich, Kingdom of Bavaria, now in the German state of Bavaria. The newlyweds made their entrance into Modena on April 16, 1842.
Francesco and Adelgunde had one daughter who died in infancy:
Princess Anna Beatrice (1848 – 1849), died in infancyFrancesco became Duke of Modena and Reggio upon the death of his father on January 21, 1846. Two years later, during the Revolutions of 1848, Adelgunde and Francesco were expelled by revolutionaries and fled to Austria for a short time before they were able to return to Modena. Soon thereafter, King Vittorio Emanuele II of Sardinia and Giuseppe Garibaldi, a general and politician became the driving forces behind the Italian unification movement. During the Second Italian War of Independence (April – July 1859), following the Battle of Magenta, Francesco V and his wife were forced to permanently flee the Duchy of Modena and Reggio. In 1860, the Duchy of Modena and Reggio was annexed to the Kingdom of Sardinia. Vittorio Emanuele II, King of Sardinia was proclaimed the first King of the new, united Kingdom of Italy in 1861.
Adelgunde and her husband Francesco in 1870; Credit Wikipedia
Adelgunde and Francesco lived the rest of their lives in exile, mostly at the Palais Modena in Vienna, Austria, and at their summer residence Schloss Wildenwart (link in German) in the Kingdom of Bavaria. On November 20, 1875, in Vienna, Austria, Francesco died at the age of 75 and was buried at the Imperial Crypt in Vienna. After Francesco’s death, Adelgunde lived at the Palais Modena in Vienna, Austria, the Munich Residenz in Munich, Bavaria and Schloss Wildenwart in Frasdorf, Bavaria.
In 1886, Adelgunde’s brother Luitpold became Prince Regent of Bavaria after their nephew King Ludwig II of Bavaria was declared mentally incompetent. Ludwig II died three days later under mysterious circumstances, and the throne passed to Ludwig’s brother King Otto of Bavaria. However, Otto had also been declared mentally incompetent, and Luitpold continued as Prince Regent. During this time, Adelgunde became a grey eminence, a powerful decision-maker or adviser who operates behind the scenes. At the Bavarian court, she was known as Tante Modena (Aunt Modena) and had a great influence on her brother Luitpold. The formidable Adelgunde was considered the voice of the Viennese Habsburg court in Munich and was viewed with suspicion by Bavarian government ministers. In 1889, after the death of Marie of Prussia, Queen Dowager, the mother of King Ludwig II and King Otto, and the sister-in-law of Adelgunde and Luitpold, Adelgunde took on the role of the first lady of Bavaria and took on all the necessary family and social obligations.
A postcard celebrating Adelgundes 90th birthday; Credit Wikipedia
Adelgunde survived her husband Francesco V, former Duke of Modena and Reggio by thirty-nine years, dying on October 28, 1914, at the age of 91. She was buried with her husband at the Imperial Crypt in Vienna.
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Works Cited
De.wikipedia.org. 2021. Adelgunde Auguste von Bayern – Wikipedia. [online] Available at: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adelgunde_Auguste_von_Bayern [Accessed 9 October 2021].En.wikipedia.org. 2021. Princess Adelgunde of Bavaria Wikipedia. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Adelgunde_of_Bavaria [Accessed 9 October 2021].Flantzer, Susan, 2021. Francesco V, Duke of Modena and Reggio. [online] Unofficial Royalty. Available at: http://www.unofficialroyalty.com/francesco-v-duke-of-modena-and-reggio/ [Accessed 9 October 2021].It.wikipedia.org. 2021. Adelgonda di Baviera Wikipedia. [online] Available at: https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adelgonda_di_Baviera [Accessed 9 October 2021].Mehl, Scott, 2016. King Ludwig I of Bavaria. [online] Unofficial Royalty. Available at: http://www.unofficialroyalty.com/king-ludwig-i-of-bavaria/ [Accessed 9 October 2021].Share this:EmailPrintFacebookTwitter SubscribeSearch Unofficial RoyaltyHelp us to keep the site going!Official Websites: Current Monarchies BahrainBelgiumBhutanBruneiCambodiaDenmarkEswatini (Swaziland)JapanJordanKuwaitLesothoLiechtensteinLuxembourgMalaysiaMonacoMoroccoNetherlandsNorwayOmanQatarSaudi ArabiaSpainSwedenThailandTongaUnited Arab EmiratesUnited KingdomUnofficial Royalty Current Monarchies Websites Official Websites: Former Monarchies AlbaniaAustriaBavariaBulgariaEthiopiaFrance: House of BourbonFrance: House of OrléansGeorgiaGreeceGreeceHanoverHohenzollern-SigmaringenIranItaly: Bourbon-Two SiciliesItaly: SavoyItaly: Savoy-AostaLeiningenMecklenburg-StrelitzPortugalPrussiaRomaniaRussia: Romanov Family AssociationRussia: Russian Imperial Union OrderSaxe-Coburg and GothaSaxonySayn-Wittgenstein-BerleburgSerbia Our Friends Almanach de Saxe GothaAnne Boleyn FilesBritish Monarchy The Royal ChannelBritish Titles of NobilityCourt JewellerDebretts Addressing the Royal FamilyDebretts Essential Guide to the PeerageDuchy of CornwallEdward IIEnglish Historical Fiction AuthorsEurohistoryFrom Her Majestys Jewel VaultHeraldicaHeraldica Royalty AreaHistorical Royal Palaces (UK)History RefreshedHolseths Royal CornerLeos Genealogics WebsiteLiving the HistoryLuxarazziMad MonarchistMarilyns Royal BlogMedievalists.netMonarchies of EuropeNettys Royal BlogPalace of Westminster UK ParliamentPlantagenet Dynasty: Genealogy HistoryPrincess PalaceRoyal ArkRoyal Descents of Famous PeopleRoyal HatsRoyal MusingsRoyal Order of Sartorial SplendorRoyalTombs.dkSt. Georges Chapel, Windsor CastleThe Complete British SuccessionThe PeerageTheodores Royalty Monarchy SiteTudor HistoryWestminster AbbeyWorld of Royalty Categories Recent Posts Holmens Church in Copenhagen, Denmark October 12: Today in Royal History Maria Teresa of Savoy, Duchess of Parma Royal News Recap for Monday, October 11, 2021 Carlo II Ludovico, Duke of Parma Archives Meta Register Log in Entries feed Comments feed WordPress.org CopyrightAll content copyright Unofficial Royalty 2021
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